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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a simple machine? |
A tool or device made up of one basic machine |
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How many types of simple machines are there? |
Six |
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What are the six types of simple machines? |
Lever, inclined plane, wedge, wheel and axle, pulley and screw |
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What is a lever? |
A rigid bar or plank that can rotate around a fixed point called a pivot, or fulcrum |
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What are the three classes of levers? |
First class, second class and third class |
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What is a first class lever? |
A lever that is used in moving heavy loads. Some examples include pliers, crowbars or teeter-totters |
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What is a second class lever used for? |
Lifting heavy loads. An example would be a wheelbarrow |
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What is a third class lever? |
It is used for gaining speed. And example would be your arm |
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What is an inclined plane? |
A ramp used for transporting objects. It makes it easier to move heavy objects with less force. With the more height added, it must be moved over a longer distance |
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What is a wedge? |
An object used to force another object to split apart. |
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What is a screw? |
A cylinder with a groove cut in a spiral on the outside. It converts rotational motion into linear motion |
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What is a pulley? |
A wire, rope or cable moving on a grooved wheel. It is used to lift heavy loads |
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What is a wheel and axle? |
A combination of two wheels that rotates around a fulcrum . It can be used to increase the size of force or speed |
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What are the effects of simple machines? |
They change direction of force, multiplying force, increasing or decreasing speed and transferring force |
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What is a complex machine? |
Several simple machines all working as a system |
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What is a system? |
A group of parts that work together to preform a function |
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What subsystems transfer forces? |
Linkages and transmissions, they produce motion which plays a role in how energy is transferred within the system |
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What is a linkage? |
A chain or belt that forms a direct link between two wheels, one wheel drives and the other wheel follows in the same direction |
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What is a transmission? |
A subsystem that transfers energy form the engine to the wheels in a car. It can contain many gears |
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What is a pinion? |
A smaller gear |
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What is a driven gear? |
A gear that supplies energy |
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What is a driven gear? |
A gear that supplies energy |
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How do gears affect speed? |
Gears affect speed in three ways. There are multiplying gears, reducing gears and parallel gears. |
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What are multiplying gears? |
When a large gear drives a small gear it increases speed |
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What are reducing gears? |
When a small gear drives a large gear it decreases speed |
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What are parallel gears? |
Gears of the same size turning. No speed increase or decrease. |
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What is force measured in? |
Newtons (N) |
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What is mechanical advantage? |
Mechanical advantage is the amount a machine can multiply force |
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What is input force? |
The force applied to the machine |
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What is output force? |
The force the machine applies to an object |
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What is the formula for mechanical advantage? |
(MA)= Fout/Fin |
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What is speed ratio? |
The measure of how a machine affects speed of an object |
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How do you calculate speed ratio? |
Speed ratio = input distance / output distance SR= Din/Dout |
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What is efficiency? |
Efficiency is the measurement of how well a machine uses energy |
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What is the formula for calculating efficiency? |
Eff(%)= MA/SR x 100 |
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What is work? |
Work is done when a force acts on another object to make the object move. |
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What is the formula for work? |
W = F x d |
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What is the formula for work input/ work output |
Win = Fin x din Wout = Fout x din |
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What is another way to calculate efficiency? |
Eff(%) = Wout/Win x 100 |
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What is pressure? |
The measurement for the amount of force in a given area |
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What is work measured in? |
Joules (J) |
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What is the formula for calculating pressure? |
P = F/A |
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What is pressure measured in? |
Pascales (Pa). Also measured in newtons per square centimetre (N/cm2) |
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What is pascals law? |
Pressure applied on a enclosed fluid is transmitted equally in all directions |
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How do pistons work? |
By applying force on an input piston it equally distributes pressure in all directions including the output piston, forcing it to move. |
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What is the formula for calculating piston force/area? |
Fsmall/Asmall = Flarge/Alarge |
