Science - U3 T1-6

Front 1

Define Nutrients

Back 1

Chemicals that your body needs to function properly. Broken down food (through the process of digestion) supply nutrients to organisms.

Front 2

Define Organic

Back 2

Nutrients that contain carbon.

Front 3

Define Inorganic

Back 3

Nutrients that don't contain carbon.

Front 4

Define Macronutrients

Back 4

Nutrients that the body needs 100 mg per day of or more.

Front 5

Define Micronutrients

Back 5

Nutrients that the body needs 100 mg per day or less.

These may also be referred to as TRACE ELEMENTS.

Front 6

Define Organic Molecules

Back 6

- Carbohydrates (ex: rice, grains, fruit, etc)

- Proteins (ex: meat, eggs, dairy products, etc)

- Lipids (ex: vegetable oils, nut oils, etc)

- Vitamins (ex: B, C, D, etc)

Front 7

What is a fertilizer used for?

Back 7

It provides additional nutrients to help plants grow.

Front 8

Major elements in fertilizers:

Back 8

- Nitrogen (nitrates) – growth of leaves

- Phosphorus (phosphates) – growth of roots

- Potassium (potash) – growth of flowers & fruits

Front 9

Define Passive Transport

Back 9

Requires no energy – movement of nutrients/molecules from an area concentration to an area of low concentration.

Front 10

Define Active Transport

Back 10

Requires energy – movement of nutrients/molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Front 11

Define Diffusion

Back 11

___________ is an example of passive transport, and it is also the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Front 12

Define Osmosis

Back 12

A special type of diffusion is known as ________, and it involves water.

Front 13

Define Insectecides

Back 13

Control insects.

Front 14

Define Herbicides

Back 14

Control plants/weeds.

Front 15

Define Fungicides

Back 15

Control fungus, mold or mushrooms.

Front 16

What is DDT?

Back 16

Dichloridiohenyltrichloroethane

Front 17

Why were some non-target organisms that DDT affected?

Back 17

It affected birds of prey, fish, frogs, butterflies. It made the eggshells of birds of prey very soft, so there were way fewer baby birds being born.

Front 18

Define Persistent

Back 18

This type of substance is going to remain in the environment for a long period of time.

Front 19

Define Acid

Back 19

A substance that has a pH less than 7

Front 20

Define Base

Back 20

A substance that has a pH greater than 7

Front 21

What is an acid/base indicator?

Back 21

A substance that tells us whether the solution we are working with is an acid or a base. Litmus paper is an example.

Front 22

What does a pH scale do?

Back 22

A scale that tells us how acidic or how basic a substance is.

Front 23

pH stand for power of _____________.

Back 23

Hydrogen

Front 24

On a pH scale, an acid ranges from ___ to below ___.

Back 24

0, 7

Front 25

A base ranges from above ___ to ___.

Back 25

7, 14

Front 26

A neutral substance has a pH of ___.

Back 26

7

Front 27

Acidic lakes are sometimes treated with ____________, also known as calcium hydroxide.

Back 27

Limestone

Front 28

This neutralizes the lake. This is also known as ___________.

Back 28

Liming

Front 29

An acid - base neutralization reaction always produces ________ and a ________.

Back 29

Water, Salt

Front 30

Carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen oxides from factories combine with water in the atmosphere to produce ________________________.

Back 30

Acid Precipitation

Front 31

What are the four types of acids we learned about?

Back 31

- Sulfurous Acid

- Sulfuric acid

- Nitrous acid/nitric acid

- Carbonic acid

Front 32

Why is acid snow considered more dangerous than acid rain?

Back 32

Stays around longer (accumulates) and because of this there is an influx of acid introduced into theenvironment.

Front 33

What is a catalytic converter? What is the purpose of a converter?

Back 33

Aids the formation of CO2 and H2O from hydrocarbons, reducing the amount of CO2 and nitrogen oxides in theenvironment.

Front 34

What is a scrubber? What is a sorbent? How is a COBRA scrubber different?

Back 34

Scrubbers absorb or capture oxides using a sorbent.COBRA has certain components that can be reused, and the trapped material can be treated and sold.

Front 35

Define Pollution

Back 35

An alteration of the environment producing a condition harmful to living things

Front 36

Define Pollutant

Back 36

Any material, or form or energy, that will cause harm to a living thing

Front 37

Define LD50

Back 37

The dose of a chemical that will kill 50% of the population to which it is applied.

Front 38

Define Acute Toxicity

Back 38

The ability of a chemical to cause harm to an organism with only one exposure

Front 39

Define Chronic Toxicity

Back 39

The ability of a chemical to cause harm to an organism only after the chemical accumulates to a specific level after many exposures over time.

Front 40

1 part per million (ppm) = ____________

Back 40

1 mg/L

Front 41

Define Persistant

Back 41

When a substance accumulates in the environment and breaks down very slowly, or not at all.

Front 42

How do you know if your water sample contains phosphate?

Back 42

A precipitate formed (solid suspended within a liquid)

Front 43

How do you know if your water sample contains nitrates?

Back 43

The solution turned pink. The pinker the solution, the more _________ the sample contained.

Front 44

The level of dissolved oxygen in water depends on four things:

Back 44

- Turbulence (mixing of water and air)

- pH

- Temperature

- Amount of photosynthesis that occurs

Front 45

At what ppm concentration can most organisms survive at?

Back 45

Approximately 5

(8 is great, 5 can survive, 4 is poor and 2 is terrible)

Front 46

What are Macro invertebrates?

Back 46

Organisms visible with an unaided eye that do not have a backbone

- shrimp

- larvae

Front 47

How are Macro Invertebrates used to monitor water?

Back 47

We can use them as biological indicators (tell us if the water is good or bad)

Front 48

Define Point Source

Back 48

A specific location where pollution originates

Front 49

Define Non-Point Source

Back 49

A source of pollution in which pollutants are diffused or originate from no specific location.

Front 50

How does pollution travel from one place to another?

Back 50

Air currents and water currents.

Front 51

What do CFC's destroy in our environment?

Back 51

ozone (O3)

Front 52

Tertiary Waste Water Treatment Plant

Back 52

Primary --> Secondary --> Tertiary

Front 53

What factor affect biodegradation?

Back 53

- Temperature

- Climate

- Time

Front 54

What is a Bioreactor?

Back 54

Using plants to fix a plants to fix a problem

(phyto means plant)

Front 55

What is Phytoremediation?

Back 55

A container that houses bacteria in appropriate conditions where ground water is pumped in and bacteria cleans the water

Front 56

Define Biodegradation

Back 56

A substances ability to be broken down

Front 57

Define Sanitary Landfill

Back 57

A landfill that is covered each day to avoid windblown litter and scavengers

Front 58

Define Secure Landfill

Back 58

Deals with hazardous and toxic wastes, uses a clay liner