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121 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
The earth is approximately _______ km from the sun. This distance is equal to ___ AU (________)
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150million
1 Astronomical Unit |
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Another way to measure distance is to measure the speed of _________.
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Light
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Light travles approximately
________ km/s. What is this distance also called? |
18,000,000 km
1 light-minute |
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The distances between the planets in our solar system can also be measured in light ________ and _______ hours.
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minutes
light |
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How long does it take the light from the sun to reach the earth?
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8.3 light minutes
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Distances between stars are measured in ______ years, which is the distance ______ travels in one Earth _______.
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light
light year |
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Light travels _________km in one _______ _______.
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9.5 trillion
Earth year |
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The North Star (_______) is _ _ _ light years from Earth.
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Polaris
431 |
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Define Satellite.
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Natural or artificial bodies that revolve around larger bodies like planets.
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List those planets without moons.
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Mercury and Venus
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What is the name of Earth's moon?
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Luna
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For preservation of all impacts to a moon by other objects, what do the conditons have to be?
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It has to have no atmosphere.
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The different phases of the moon are due to the changing positions between the _______ and the ____.
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Earth
Sun |
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What is a waxing moon?
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When the sunlit fraction that is visible from Earth is getting larger.
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Name the eight phases of the moon starting from the full moon, and describe what its appearance would be.
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Full moon: full circle, white
Waning Gibbous: oval shaped, getting smaller from right Last quarter: left half circle Waning Crescent: Crescent to left New Moon: full circle, greyish dark Waxing crescent: crescent to right First quarter: Right half circle Waxing gibbous: oval shaped, odd shaped on left. |
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1._________ Spectral Class
^ O B A F G K i 2._________-> 3._________ Luminosity Magnitude 5.__________ 4._________ <------------- Hotter-Colder |
1. Brighter
2. Color of Stars 3. Brightness 4. Fainter 5. Temperature |
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What are the wavelengths of visible light?
a. violet b. indigo c. blue d. green e. yellow f. orange g. red |
a. 400-430
b. 430-450 c. 450-500 d. 500-570 e. 570-590 f. 590-610 g. 610-700 |
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Life Cycle of Stars
Put these in order: A super nova occurs Nuclear fusion occurs and causes the star to glow If it is a massive star, a neutron star will form. If it is a super massive star, a black hole will form. A nebula collapes due to gravity. A red giant forms when the hydrogen and helium runs out. The core contracts and the outer layers expand and become less bright. A main sequence star is formed, and it can live for millions or billions of years. |
5
2 6 1 4 3 |
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What is a parallax?
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the apparent shift of nearby stars relative to more distant stars as Earth orbits the sun.
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What is an open cluster?
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A group of older stars located in the halo of spiral galaxies.
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What is cosmology?
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The study of the origin and future of the universe.
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What is a black hole?
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Something that is so small and massive that its gravity does not even let light escape.
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What is a white-dwarf?
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A hot star that is near the end of its life.
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What is a spiral galaxy?
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A galaxy that has distinctive arms and a nuclear bulge.
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What is a nebula?
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A giant cloud of gas and dust.
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What is a red giant?
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A large cool star formed when a star runs out of hydrogen.
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What is a pulsar?
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A spinning neutron star.
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What is the apparent magnitude?
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How bright a star looks.
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What is a super nova?
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The explosive death of a star.
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What is a quasar?
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A tiny point of light that is very mall, very far away, and very bright.
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What is a large group of stars in space?
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A galaxy.
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What is the big bang theory?
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A theory that states that the universe began when all of its contents suddenly expanded outward.
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What is a globular cluster?
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A group of stars that form when a lot of gas and dust come together.
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What is the diagonal pattern of stars on a H-R diagram?
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The main sequence.
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What diagram expresses that radiation comes from all directons in space?
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The H-R diagram.
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What is a black dwarf?
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A star that does not give off light.
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Expand.
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To grow larger.
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Glow.
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To shine brightly.
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Core
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the middle
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Sun
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the medium sized star in our solar system.
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Star
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a glowing ball of gas.
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constellation
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a cluster of stars in the sky that can be connected with imaginary lines to make a picture.
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think connect the dots.
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Describe each kind of galaxy:
Elliptical |
An oval shaped galaxy with a bulge in the middle.
__ /..\ (....) \__/ |
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Spiral
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Top view: a ball in the middle with swirly arms
Side: a flat line with a bulge in the middle. |
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Barred spiral
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1. backwards s with a bulge in the middle line
___ \ ---0--- \___ 2. Pok-e ball _______ / \ ----0---- \_______/ 3. "X" Chromosome |
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What is an irregular galaxy?
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A galaxy without a particular shape.
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What kind of galaxy is the Milky-way?
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A spiral galaxy.
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The Milky Way has about how many stars?
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200 billion
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The Milky Way has a diameter of how many light years?
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100,000 light years
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Our solar system is located in the _______ arm of the Milky Way.
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Orion
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Where is our sun located in our galaxy?
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The Orion arm.
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Stars are the source of light for all bright objects in space.
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True.
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There are more galaxies than stars in the universe.
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True.
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These galaxies contain only old stars.
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Elliptical.
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The Milky Way galaxy is probably this kind of galaxy.
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Spiral.
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Many of these galaxies have their gravity distorted by neighboring galaxies.
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Irregular.
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Most galaxies are this type.
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Spiral.
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These galaxies are massive blobs of stars.
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Elliptical.
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The hot blue stars are located in the ______ ______ of a spiral galaxy. (spiral arms or nuclear bulge.)
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Spiral arms.
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What does a nebula have to do with stars?
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They act as a star nursery and they help form stars.
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Which usually has more stars:
a globular cluster or an open cluster. |
Open cluster
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Galaxies may form how?
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a. when clouds of gas and dust collapse
b. if the cloud that forms a galaxy is rotating too quickly, an elliptical galaxy is created. If the cloud isn't rotating fast, a spiral galaxy is formed. |
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Quasars are not:
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very large.
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Label the following:
(the Milky Way) -------0-------- ^ ^ | | |
1. disk (with the arms)
2. bulge |
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Name the different arms of the milky way galaxy from the outer most to the innermost.
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1. Outer arm
2. Perseus arm 3. Orion arm 4. Sagittarius-Carina arm |
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Name the layers of the sun in order from innermost to outer most.
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1. the core
2. the radiative zone 3. the convective zone 4. the photosphere 5. the chromosphere 6. the corona |
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Name a trait of the following:
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dot, dot, dot
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the core
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the sun's energy is produced here
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the radiative zone
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the layer is so dense that light takes a long time to pass through
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the convective zone
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hot and cool gases circulate, bringing the sun's energy to the surface.
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the photoshpere
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we know this layer as the sun's surface
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the chromosphere
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temperatures rangge from 4,000 C to 50,000 C
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the corona
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The gases are visible only during a total eclipse and can reach temperatures of up to 2 million degrees Celsius.
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Sun spots
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violent storms on the surface of the sun
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Where the sun is
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the center of the solar system
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Hydrogen
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the most abundant gas in the galaxy
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Light and heat are two forms of:
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energy (given off by the sun)
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Roman name for sun
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sol
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astronomist
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one who studies the planets, stars, and other celestial objects.
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our sun is a
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yellow star
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True or false:
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dot dot dot
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Terrestrial means Earth.
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true
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Mercury takes the longest of all planets to revolove around the sun.
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false (fix all of the false statements mentally)
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Mercury has a smooth surface
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false
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Venus is the hottest planet
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true
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The greenhouse effect happens when heat is trapped inside a planet's atmosphere.
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true
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Venus rotates on its axis similar to the way Earth rotates on its axis.
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false
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Venus has thick clouds of sulfuric acid.
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true
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Mars is colored blue.
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false
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Mars has the largest volcano in the solar system.
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true
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Mars' volcano is active.
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False
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Mars has frozen water.
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True
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Mars takes 50,000 years to rotate on its axis.
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True
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The four inner planets are Mercury, Mars, Earth and Saturn.
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False
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The Inner Planets are also known as the Rockies.
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True
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Mars is the only planet that an unmanned spacecraft has landed on.
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True
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Mercury's surface is _______.
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Rough and cratered like our moon.
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What is Mercury lacking and why?
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An atmosphere because it's gravity is too weak to hold it.
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Venus' thick atmosphere traps large amounts of heat. Why?
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The greenhouse effect.
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On Venus and Uranus, the sun rises in what direction?
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West.
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Olympus Mons is:
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the largest volcano in the solar system
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What are the four gas giants?
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Jupiter, Neptune, Saturn, and Uranus.
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How did the solar system form?
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From a nebula.
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How much of the solar system's matter did the sun claim when it formed?
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99%
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Who is Jupiter named after?
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A roman mythical king.
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Where is the Great Red Spot located?
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on Jupiter.
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Gas Giants revolve ______ around the sun than Terrestrials.
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Slower
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Saturns rings are made from:
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Dust and ice
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What is perturbance?
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Disturbance by gravity.
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What is orbit?
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the path a celestial body travels around another body.
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What is the difference between orbiting and revolving?
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orbiting is a celestial body traveling around another body, but revolving is a celestial body spinning.
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Counterclockwise
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prograde
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Clock wise
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retrograde
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Where is the Great Red Spot located?
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on Jupiter.
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Gas Giants revolve ______ around the sun that Terrestrials.
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Slower
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Saturns rings are made from:
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Dust and ice
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What is perturbance?
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Disturbance by gravity.
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What is orbit?
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the path a celestial body travels around another body.
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What is the difference between orbiting and revolving?
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orbiting is a celestial body traveling around another body, but revolving is a celestial body spinning.
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Counterclockwise
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prograde
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Clock wise
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retrograde
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