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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are subatomic particles? |
protons and neutrons have a mass of 1 a.m.u and a positive/ neutral charge, electrons are outside the nucleous and have a mass of 0 a.m.u and a negative charge |
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What is the atomic number? |
#protons = #electrons
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How do you find the mass of an atom? |
the number of protons and neutrons in the atom |
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How is the periodic table arranged? |
in order of increasing atomic number of each element |
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What determines what the element is? |
Protons (+) |
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What determines chemical reactions? |
Electrons (-) |
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What is an isotope? |
Atoms of the same element with a different mass |
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Isotopes have... |
The same number of protons and a different number of neutrons |
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What do protons, neutrons and electrons have in common? |
Subatomic make atoms |
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What do protons and neutrons have in common? |
1 a.m.u. nucleus isotopes |
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What do protons and electrons have in common? |
Charge atomic number |
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Describe an atom |
smallest part of matter with an identity, building blocks (combine to make matter), can be divided into smaller parts although they lose their identity. |
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What is the Atoms Structure? |
Two main parts: The Nucleus- center of the atom Electron Cloud- area that surrounds the nucleus |
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Where are protons and neutrons found? |
Nucleus |
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What gives an atom its identity? |
Protons |
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What do neutrons do? |
They act like glue in the nucleus and hold the protons together, neutrons make the atom stable. They are also involved in radioactivity. |
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Where are electrons found? |
"Cloud" surrounding the nucleus |
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What do electrons do? |
They move very quickly around nucleus, they are held to the nucleus because the negative electrons are attracted to the positive protons |
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Where can you find the number of electron clouds? |
The row number the element is in, although the rules for rows 4 through 7 don't work the same way |
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What does the periodic table show? |
Shows all the different types of atoms/ elements, describes many of the properties of elements |
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What is a period? |
The rows going across the table. |
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How many periods are there? |
Seven |
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What are groups? |
The columns that go up/down |
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How many groups are there? |
There are typically 18 but many people combine 10 of them into one family known as the transition metals and look at the table as having only 8 groups |
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What is the group number equal to? |
The number of Electrons in the outermost Electron Cloud |
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What are the three major groups of the Table? |
Metals, Metalloids and nonmetals |
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List some characteristics of metals: |
-Shiny -Gray/Silver color -Very good conductors of heat -Malleable -Ductile |
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List some characteristics of metalloids: |
-Shiny or dull -Mostly gray or silver -Semiconductors -Not malleable -Not ductile |
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List some characteristics of nonmetals: |
-Dull -Very colorful -Very poor or nonconductors -Not malleable -Not ductile |
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What are hydrogen and Astatine? |
Nonmetal |
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What is Aluminum? |
Metalloid |
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How many minor groups or families are there? |
Nine |
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Alkali Metals |
-Very reactive -1 electron in outer cloud -All metals (except hydrogen) -All solids at room temperature -Very soft |
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Alkaline Earth Metals |
-Pretty reactive -2 electrons in outer cloud -All metals -All solids at room temperature |
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Transition metals |
-Reactivity varies from slightly reactive to pretty reactive -Number of electrons in outer cloud varies -All metals -Mostly solids at room temperature- mercury is a liquid |
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Boron Group |
-Low reactivity -3 electrons in outer cloud -1 metalloid, the rest are metals -All solids at room temperature |
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Carbon Group |
-Least reactive -4 electrons in outer cloud -1 nonmetal, 2 metalloids, 2 metals -All solids |
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Nitrogen Group (pnictorgens) |
-Low reactivity -5 electrons in outer cloud -2 nonmetals, 2 metalloids, 1 metal -1 gas (nitrogen) rest are solids at room temperature |
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Oxygen Group |
-Pretty reactive -6 electrons in outer cloud -3 nonmetals, 2 metalloids -1 gas (oxygen), rest are solids at room temperature |
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Halogens |
-Very reactive -7 electrons in outer cloud -All nonmetal -2 gases (fluorine and chlorine), 1 liquid (bromine), 2 solids (iodine and astatine) at room temperature -Very colorful |
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Noble Gases |
-Not reactive -8 electrons in the outer cloud -All nonmetal -All gases -Colorless |
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Mass increases as you... |
Move to the right |
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Size increases as you... |
Move to the left |
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Reactivity increases as you... |
Move away from carbon in both directions- except for Noble Gases which are nonreactive. |
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Mass, Size and Reactivity increase as you... |
Move down the Table *Except the reactivity of nonmetals, they increase as you move up* |
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Ionic Bond |
Metal and Metalloid |
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Covalent Bond: |
nonmetal and nonmetal |
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Metallic Bond: |
Metal and Metal |
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No Bond: |
If charge is 0 |
