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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a gene pool? |
a pool of combined genetic information (genes and alleles) of all the members in a particular population. |
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If a scientist was interested in in hair color and black is dominant to brown, brown is dominant to red) which alleles would be in the gene pool? |
all of them: brown, black, red |
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what is an allele frequency? |
the amount of times an allele appears in a gene pool |
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if there is a change in the allele frequency what process happened? |
evolution |
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if 20% of mice are grey, 20% are white and 30% are black what is the allele frequency for white and black alleles? |
50% |
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What is the main thing that offspring inheiret from their parents? |
Genes |
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Where do most variation in DNA come from? |
mutations and gene shuffling |
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what is the difference between a single gene and a polygenic trait? |
single trait- a trait that is controlled by a single gene that has two alleles polygenic trait- a trait that is controlled by two or more genes |
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What is genetic drift? When is it most powerful? |
genetic drift- a random change in allele frequency most common in a smaller population |
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What is the founder effect? |
when a small group from the original population breaks away from the original population and over time develop different allele frequencies. |
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How many phenotypes are possible for a single gene trait? Polygenic? |
Single- 2 Polygenic- 2 or more |
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what does the graph for a polygenic trait look like? |
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what does the graph for a single gene trait look like? |
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does natural selection act on genotypes or phenotypes? why? |
Phenotypes! Because phenotype is a physical chaecteristic and a genotype is DNA |
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Directional Selection what does it select for? what does it select against? |
For: One of the extreme traits Against: the average or other extreme trait |
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Stabilizing Selection
what does it select for? what does it select against? |
For: Average trait Against: the extreme traits |
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Disruptive Selection
what does it select for? what does it select against? |
For: Either Extreme trait Against: The Average trait |
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What does the Hardy weinberberg equation calculate? |
the frequency of certain genotypes |
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What is genetic equilibrium? |
the situation in which allele frequencies remain constant, no evolution occurs |
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what is the opposite of genetic equilibrium? |
Evolution |
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What are the 5 points of genetic equilibrium? |
1. random mating 2. large population 3.no mutations 4.no natural selection 5.no movement into or out of a population |
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What are the 5 points of evolution? hint: opposite of genetic equilibrium |
1. planned mating 2.small population 3.mutations 4.natural selection 5. movement into or out of a population |
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What is geographic isolation? |
a physical barrier |
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what is behavioral isolation? |
different mating rituals |
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what is temporal isolation? |
different mating seasons or hours of awakeness |
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what percent of species are now extinct? |
99% |
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what was open for species that did survive a mass extintion? |
The ability for adaptive radiation since they didnt have anymore competition |
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how are darwins finches an example of adaptive radiation? |
they evolved to be better fitted to their surroundings to become a different species and to live in different ways. |
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what is convergent evolution? |
unrelated organisms that live in different ways but look similar |
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what color did the oceans change from when oxygen started to be produced? |
brown-----> blue green through iron formation |
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did life begin as single or multi celled organisms? eurkaryotic or prokaryotic? |
single celled and prokaryotic |
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what happened to life on earth when oxygen became abundunt? |
some species died while others adapted to live in more efficient ways. |
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why are proteinoid microspheres scientists best clue to the primitive cell? |
they are very similar to living cells ad systems |
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which animals are common during the paleozoic? |
marine life |
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which animals are common during the mesozoic?
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dinosaurs |
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which animals are common during the cenozoic?
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mammals |
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what did darwin learn from huttons work? |
earth is old |
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what did hutton do? |
studied rock layers and helped darwin realize how old earth is |
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what did lamark do? |
thought an animals traits were based on use and disuse of organs |
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define darwins fitness |
the ability for an animal to survive and reproduce in its environment |
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name 2 species that were important to darwins studies on the galapagous islands? |
finches giant tortuises |
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what are vestigal structures? |
organs that serve no purpose or useful function |
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what is a homologous structure? |
Homologous structures are parts of the body that are similar in structure to other species' comparative parts |
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which type of selection graph is this? |
disruptive selection |
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which type of selection graph is this?
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stabilizing selection |
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which type of selection graph is this?
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directional selction |
