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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pure substances |
Are composed of only one type of matter. ELEMENTS |
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Mixtures |
2 or more pure substances occupying a common space |
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Elements |
Pure substance that can not be broken down further by normal chemical means |
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Compounds |
2 or more elements combined chemically to make a new substance with new properties |
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Homogeneous |
One visible layer |
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Heterogeneous |
Multiple layers |
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Qualitative |
Judgement |
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Quantitative |
Measured |
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Physical property |
Determined without changing the chemical make up |
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Chemical property |
Only determined with changing the chemical make up |
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Physical change |
A change in matter that DOES NOT alter the chemical make up |
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Chemical change |
A change in matter that DOES change the chemical make up |
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5clues for a chemical change |
1. Drastic change in temp. 2. Formation of a gas 3. Change in colour 4. Formation of an odour 5. Formation of a precipitate |
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Precipitate |
When 2 solutions are mixed and create a solid |
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John Dalton |
-Atoms -tiny sheres -can't be created nor destroyed -can't be divided -can't change into one another -chemical change is union and/or separation. Of atoms |
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J.J Thompson |
-Electrons are negative -Thompsons raisin bun model -dots represent electrons negative (negative and massless) -the rest is everything else |
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Ernest Rutherford |
-Gold foil experiment -high speed alpha particles -not all went through -NUCLEUS positive -surrounded by electrons |
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James Chadwick |
Standard atomic notation Atomic number=protons and electrons Mass-atomic number=neutrons 14. =mass N. =element 7. =atomic # |
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Bohr-rutherford |
1st orbit=2 1st electron=12oclock 2 orbit=8. =3:00 3rd=8. =6:00 4th=18. =9:00 5th=18. repeat 6th=32 |
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Isotopes |
Most atoms have different versions Ex. Carbon 12 Carbon 14 |
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Mendeleev |
The old periodic table |
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Noble gas |
Group 18 Full outer orbit Not reactive Basic |
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Alkali metals |
Group 1 reactive with water to make hydroxides Bases |
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Halogens |
Group 17 Salt maker React with metals to make salt |
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Hydrogen |
Group 1 only has 1electron in the outer orbit Group 17 only has 1electron in the outer orbit |
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Metals (¾ of the known elements) |
Shiny High melting and boiling point (except mercury) malleable Ductile=pulled into wires Conductors of heat+electricity |
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Non metals |
Generally low melting+boiling points Solids are not shiny Found right of the staircase Non conductors Solids are brittle |
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Metaloids |
Along the staircase Common characteristics w metals+non metals |
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Valence electrons |
The electrons on the outer orbit |
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Octet rule |
Atoms r happy if they have 8 electrons in the outer orbit |
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Ionic bonding |
(positive). (neg) Between metals+non metals |
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Ion |
Atom that has a charge bc of having to many or to few electrons Oppositely charged ions are strongly attracted to one another+cling together=ionic bond |
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Covalent bond |
Between to non metals Is a shared pair of electrons between 2atoms so they both have an octet at the same time |
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Lewis dot diagram |
U write the element and the valence electrons around it |
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Lewis structure |
The lewis dot diagram but with the smallest in the middle and they share the electrons |
