Science Test

Front 1

Eco systems are sustainable means that they can be maintained idefinity because matter is recycled.

Back 1

Carbon Cycle: Taken from plants which is used to make sugars. Animals eat the plants and eventually the carbon in the sugars is either returned to the atmosphere or as waste gas and buried in the ground.

Front 2

Water Cycle: water evapourates. It rises and condenses than falls as rain. Some of the water runs off the bank into a river, stream and into oceans and some of the water moves into the ground.

Back 2

Evaporation: A process in which a substance changes state from liquid to gas.

Condensation: A substance from gas to liquid.

Precipitation: Water in the liquid or solid state that falls to earth.

Front 3

Cycle= a pattern in nature that repeats over time

Closed System= A system in which the amount of matter remains constant over time

Back 3

food chain- a sequence that shows how energy and nutrients are transferred from one organisms to another in an ecosystem.

Food Web- A model that shoes how food chains in an eco system are connected.

Pyramid Of Numbers- A model that shows the number of individuals at each level in a food chain or food web.

Ecological Pyramid- A diagram inditcating which organisms in an ecosystem eat which other.

Front 4

a) Succession: A series of gradual changes that result in the replacement of one community of plants and animals by another.

b) Primary succession: Succession that develops a community of plants and animals in an area where no living things existed before.

c) Secondary succession: Succession that develops a community in an area after it has been disturbed.

Back 4

1. Explain how humans interfere with succession. How does this negatively affect ecosystems?

Humans may clear-cut a forest and eliminate an entire ecosystem. Instead of allowing the area to recover through succession, humans may plant one type of tree, such as pine tree. As a result, there are fewer animals that can live in the area because there is only one type of plant to eat. In addition, this increases the likelihood of the area being wiped out by a disease or pest invasion.

Front 5

Habitat loss occurs when areas of land are cleared for human use, destroying the places where wild organisms live.

Biodiversity is the variety of plant and animal life in a eco system.

Back 5

Is= Something introduced into an area where it did not exsit before

Ns= Species that occur naturally in that area

ES= Speices at risk or becoming extinct

Extinction: the complete disappeance of a species anywhere on earth

Front 6

n ecology footprint is an estimate of the amount of land and water needed to produce all of the things a person consumes and to absorb all of the waste the person produces.

The average North American’s ecological footprint is about 12.4 hectares.

There are about 2 hectares available for every person on Earth.

Back 6

Traditional Knowledge is knowledge, experience, and practice gained by Aboriginal people over many generations of living and working with the environment.

It is passed from generation to generation through actions, stories, poems, paintings, rituals, and other traditions.

Aboriginal people can teach us how to use natural resources in a sustainable way by teaching us their skills and techniques for managing the land and its resources.

Front 7

Reducing: Reducing the amount of products we consume helps the environment because making food, clothing and other products uses natural resources. If we consume fewer products, fewer natural resources are consumed, which helps conserve Earth’s resources.

Reusing: Reusing products helps the environment because it reduces the amount of waste we produce. Wastes can cause pollution and other environmental problems.

Recycling: Recycling products protects the environment because it reduces both the amount of energy and other resources required to make products and reduces the amount of waste we produce.

Back 7

Expanding urban centres by building homes, stores, and infrastructure such as roads and sewer systems results in the loss of habitats for local wildlife. This causes a reduction in biodiversity, as animals and plants die or leave the area. Fewer trees can also result in the erosion of soil, further depleting nutrients and biodiversity in the area. Larger urban centres also produce more pollution in a smaller, more concentrated area, which increases ecosystem damage. Automobiles and other vehicles create smog and other air pollution, and trash can run off into water bodies. More people require more food and water, which puts a greater stress on local water systems and farmers, who may decide to use toxic pesticides or fertilizers in order to grow more crops.