Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Who was the first person to describe microscopic organisms and living cells?
|
Robert Hooke
|
|
|
The discovery of cells is linked most directly to the development of what?
|
The microscope
|
|
|
What is the correct order of structures of living things, from simplest to most complex?
|
cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
|
|
|
The cell's _______ and _________ limits the maximum size to which a cell may grow.
|
Surface Area and Volume
|
|
|
What is the smallest unit that can carry out all the processes of life? This is the basic unit of life.
|
Cell
|
|
|
These cells have cell walls, large vacuoles, and plastids.
|
Plant cells
|
|
|
What can convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose?
|
Chloroplasts
|
|
|
What is a pigment that absorbs energy in sunlight?
|
Chlorophyll
|
|
|
What are organisms whose cells lack a nucleous and other membrane-bound organelles?
|
Prokaryote
|
|
|
What are unicellular organisms such as bacteria and their relatives?
|
Prokaryotes
|
|
|
The first cells on earth were likely __________ that did not ____________.
|
prokaryotes;make their own food
|
|
|
What are organisms whose cells are always or usually contain a nucleus or nuclei and other membrane-bound organelles?
|
Eukaryotes
|
|
|
What are plants, fish, insects, and humans?
|
Eukaryotes
|
|
|
What is a thin layer of lipid and protein?
|
Cell/Plasma Membrane
|
|
|
What is a thin membrane the functions like a gate, controlling what enters and leaves the cell?
|
Cell/Plasma Membrane
|
|
|
What are all cells, from all organisms, surrounded by?
|
A plasma membrane
|
|
|
There are many kinds of what in cell membranes? What do these help do?
|
proteins; help move material into and out of the cell
|
|
|
What are two phospholipid layers located in the cell membrane?
|
lipid bilayer
|
|
|
Lipid is a form of what?
|
Fat
|
|
|
What does "hydrophobic" mean?
|
"Water fearing"
|
|
|
What does hydrophillic mean?
|
"water loving"
|
|
|
What is the fluid mosaic model?
|
The fluid mosaic model is what scientists call the modern view of the cell membrane structure.
|
|
|
Membranes are _____ _______ and have the consistency of ________.
|
fluid like; vegetable oil
|
|
|
Membranes are made mostly of what?
|
Phosphate and lipid
|
|
|
Why do scientists call the modern view of the cell membrane the fluid mosaic structure?
|
They call it that b/c the membrane is filled w/fluid and a mosaic of proteins
|
|
|
What is everything between the cell membrane and the nucleus called?
|
The cytoplasm
|
|
|
What is a jellylike mixture that consists mostly of water and protein?
|
Cytostol
|
|
|
What are structures that carry out specific functions in a cell?
|
Organelles
|
|
|
Most organelles are surrounded by what?
|
Their own membrane
|
|
|
What contains the life of the cell?
|
Organelles
|
|
|
What are short, hair like organelles that can move and may cover a unicellular organism or line the resperitory tract?
|
Cillia
|
|
|
What are whip-like projects for locomotion?
|
Flagella
|
|
|
What organelle maintains 3D structure and helps the cell maintain shape?
|
The cytoskeleton
|
|
|
What function in cell division and locomotion?
|
Mircofilaments and microtubules
|
|
|
What is the control center of the cell?
|
The nucleus
|
|
|
What organelle contains the cell's genetic information?
|
The nucleus
|
|
|
What is DNA in the form of a long strand?
|
Chromatin, made up of chromosomes
|
|
|
What are "blueprints" in a cell that control all its activity?
|
Chromatin
|
|
|
During cell division, what do chromatin strands do?
|
Chromatin strands coil and condense into thick structures called chromosomes.
|
|
|
What are chromosomes int he nucleus that control all cellular activity?
|
DNA
|
|
|
What is a double layer membrane that surrounds the nucleus?
|
Nuclear envelope
|
|
|
What is a nuclear pore?
|
A pore, or an opening, in the nucleus
|
|
|
What is an organelle that stores DNA and sythesizes RNA?
|
The nucleolus
|
|
|
What disappears when a cell prepares to reproduce?
|
The nucleolus
|
|
|
What is an organelle that processes and packages substances produced by the cell?
|
The golgi apparatus
|
|
|
What are the membrane-bound sacs that package and secrete cells products?
|
Golgi apparatus
|
|
|
What is an organelle that prepares proteins for export and synthesizes steroids?
|
Golgi apparatus
|
|
|
What is free in cytoplasm and line the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum?
|
Ribosomes
|
|
|
What organelle differs from most organelles b/c they have no membranes?
|
Ribosomes
|
|
|
What makes ribosomes, which in turn make protein?
|
Nucleoli
|
|
|
What are located in the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
|
Ribosomes
|
|
|
What are organelles that digest molecules, old organelles, and foreign substances?
|
Lysosome
|
|
|
What is an organelle that transfers energy in ATP?
|
Mitochondrion
|
|
|
What is the inner membrane in the mitochondria of a cell?
|
Christae
|
|
|
Where are large numbers of mitochondria often found?
|
In muscle cells
|
|
|
What organelle is the "powerhouse" of a cell?
|
Mitochonrion
|
|
|
What is where poisons and wastes are detoxified in a cell?
|
The endoplasmic reticulum
|
|
|
What is studded with ribosomes and processes proteins to be exported to the cell?
|
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
|
|
|
What is NOT covered with ribosomes and processes lipids in carbohydrates?
|
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
|
|
|
What transfers energry from organic compounds to ATP?
|
Mitochondria
|
|
|
What organizes the synthesis of proteins?
|
Ribosome
|
|
|
What prepares proteins for export, synthesizes steroids, regulates calcium levels, and breaks down toxic substances?
|
Endoplasmic reticulum
|
|
|
What processes and packages substances produced by the cell?
|
Golgi apparatus
|
|
|
What digests molecules, old organelles, and foreign substances?
|
lysosome
|
|
|
What contributes to the support, movement, or division of cells?
|
Microfillaments and microtubules
|
|
|
What propels cells through the environment; moves materials over the cell surface?
|
cillia and flagella
|
|
|
What stores hereditary information in DNA, and synthesizes RNA and ribosomes?
|
Nucleus
|
|
|
What supports and protects the cell?
|
Cell wall
|
|
|
What stores enzymes and waste products?
|
Vacuole
|
|
|
What stores food or pigments; one type trasnfers energy from light into organic compounds?
|
Plastid
|
