Science Test 2007

Front 1

Fault

Back 1

When rocks break they move along surfaces called

Front 2

earthquake

Back 2

vibrations produced by the breaking of a rock is called

Front 3

normal fault

Back 3

When rocks move along a fracture caused by tension forces the break is called a .

Front 4

reverse fault

Back 4

Compression forces of rock is called a .

Front 5

strike-slip fault

Back 5

rocks on either side of the fault are moving past eachother with much upward and downward movement. Shear forces cause this.

Front 6

Seismic- wave

Back 6

generated by an earthquake travel through earth. Produced and travel outward from the earthquake focus.

Front 7

Focus

Back 7

the point where this energy is release first occures is the

Front 8

primary wave

Back 8

cause particles in rocks to move back and forth in the same direction that the wave is traveling

Front 9

secondary wave

Back 9

move through earth by causing particles in rocks to move right angles to the direction of wave travel

Front 10

Surface waves

Back 10

cause most destruction resulting from earthquakes. Move particles in backward rolling and side to side swaying motion

Front 11

Epicenter

Back 11

the point on earth surface directly above the earthquake focus

Front 12

seisomgraph

Back 12

seismic waves from earthquakes are measured with an instrument called

Front 13

60 km thick 5 km thick in ocean parts

Back 13

Crust (how thick)

Front 14

Primary wave

Back 14

which wave arrive first and are the fastest at seismograph stations

Front 15

Secondary wave

Back 15

Which wave is the slowest and arrive second

Front 16

7m-190m thick

Back 16

upper mantle (how thick)

Front 17

three or more

Back 17

How many stations are needed to find out the location of the epicenter

Front 18

The very center of earth is solid , dense inner core made mostyly of iron, nickel, oxygen, silicon and sulfur. True or False

Back 18

The very center of earth is solid, dense inner core made mostly of iron, nickel, oxygen, silicon and sulfur

Front 19

190-1,800 m thick

Back 19

Lower mantle (how thick)

Front 20

Lithosphere

Back 20

broken into many plates that move over the asthenosphere beneath it.

Front 21

1,800 -3,200 m thick

Back 21

Outer core (how thick)

Front 22

3,200- 3,960 m thick

Back 22

Inner core (how thick)

Front 23

Moho or Mohohoravic Discontinuity

Back 23

boundary between the crust and the upper mantle

Front 24

Magnitude

Back 24

The height of the lines traced on the paper record of a seismograph is a measure of the energy released.

Front 25

Richter Scale

Back 25

used to describe the strength of an earthquake and is based on height of the lines on the seismogram. Has no upper limit

Front 26

Liquefication

Back 26

Wet soil can be strong most of the time, but the shaking from the earthquake can cause it to act more like liquid. Occurs when soil under buildings, the buldings can sink into the soil and collpase.

Front 27

Tsunami

Back 27

Ocean waves caused by earthquakes are called seismic sea waves.

Front 28

Moorings

Back 28

made of steel plates filled with alternating layers of rubber and steel.

Front 29

Before an earthquake

Back 29

moving heavy objects from high shelves and place them on lower shelves.
make sure that hot water heaters and and other gas appliances are held securly in place to prevent from fire.
place sensors on gas lines (automatically shut off the gas when earthquake vibrationsare detected)

Front 30

During an earthquake

Back 30

move away from windows and any objects that can fall on you.
Seek shelter in a doorway or under a sturdy desk or bed.
stay away from powerlines or anything that might fall stay away from chimney buildings or other parts of bulidings that can fall on you

Front 31

After an earthquake

Back 31

check water and gas lines for damage.If damaged shut off valves.
If you smell gas call 911! And leave the building fast and call authorities from phone away from a leak area.
Stay out and away from damged bildings.
be careful from anything thats broken. Wear boots or sturdy shoes that protect your feet from getting cut.
Stay away from beaches. Tsunamis may occur after eathquakes.

Front 32

Elastic Deformity

Back 32

up to a point applied forces cause rocks to bend and stretch

Front 33

Shadow zone

Back 33

a large area of the earth does not receive seismiv waves.
secondary waves cannot pass through liquid(outer core)
Primary waves slow down and bend through liquid (outer core) and speed up as they go through solids

Front 34

3,000-6,000 degrees C

Back 34

Inner core (degrees)

Front 35

3,000 degrees C 5,400 degrees F

Back 35

Lower mantle (degrees)

Front 36

Iron nickel oxygen silicon sulfur

Back 36

Inner core (Whats it made of)

Front 37

Iron

Back 37

Outer core (Whats it made of)

Front 38

manesium silicon oxygen

Back 38

Lower mantle (Whats it made of)

Front 39

iron magnesium

Back 39

Crust (Whats it made of)