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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Discovery of Neutron
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Sir James Chadwick
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Discovery of Proton
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Wilhelm Wien and J. J. Thompson
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Discovery of Cathode Rays
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Julius Plücker
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Improved Cathode Ray Tube
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Sir William Crookes
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Determined Charge of Electron
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Robert Millikan
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Ernest Rutherford
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showed proton to be component of all matter, proposed idea of nucleus, proposed existence of neutron
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Gold Foil, ion "bullets"
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experiment by Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden, demonstrated existence of nucleus
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plum pudding model
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model proposed by Thompson after his discovery of electrons and e/m ratio
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planetary model
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proposed by Rutherford after Geiger and Marsden's experiment
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Canal Rays
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positive ions moving from anode to cathode, discovered by Eugen Goldstein
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mass spectrometer
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used to measure relative masses of atoms
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atomic mass
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average mass of all natural isotopes compared to mass of carbon-12 atom
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mass number
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total number of nucleons in the nucleus
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ion
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atom having different number of electrons from protons and as such an electronic charge
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anion
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a negative ion
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cation
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positive ion
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quark
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particles believed to make up protons and neurons
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up quark charge
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+2/3
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down quark charge
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-2/3
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Symbol for Atomic Number
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Z
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Symbol for Mass Number
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A
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chromatography
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separation of complex solutions based on differing solubility and/or interaction with a stationary liquid or solid phase
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fractionaldistillation
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used to separate mixtures which have components whose boiling points are close together. The most volatile component escapes, and the others condense on glass beads and drain back into the flask.
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physical properties
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all can be determined without changing composition of substance
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chemical properties
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how a substance interacts with another in chemical reactions, cannot be determined apart from chemical reactions
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matter
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anything that occupies space and has mass
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substance
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form of matter with its own unique properties which make it different from every other substance
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law of definite composition
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the ratios of masses of each element in a given compound are always the same
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law of multiple proportions
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when 2 combine in multiple ways, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed amount of the other are in ratios of small whole numbers
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nano
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10^-9
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micro
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10^-6
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pico
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10^-12
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standard SI units
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meter, gram, liter
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five main branches of chemistry
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physical chemistry, organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, biochemistry, and analytical chemistry
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