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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Tropical rain forest
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A biome characterized by heavy rainfall, constant warm temps. and dense growth of plant species
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Tundra
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a biome characterized by permafrost and low-growing vegetation
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Deciduous Forest
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a forest made of trees that annualy shed their leaves
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Selection
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choosing the individuals with a desired trait as the first step in controlled breeding
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Starch
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a carbohydrate made of hundreds to thousands of glucose molecules; use as a food storage molecule by plants
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
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a nucleic acid composed of repeating units of deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen bases in a double strand formation: this substance contains the genetic information of a cell
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Moneran
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a porkaryotic organism; th group includes bacteria and cyanophytes
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Binomial nomenclature
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a two-name system of naming organisms by genus and species
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Homeostasis
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maintaininga constant internal environment despite changing external conditions
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state of matter
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one of four forms in which matter can exist, the three most common being solid, liquid, or gas
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Grassland
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a biome in which grasses are the dominant form of vegetation
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Desert
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a biome characterized by scant rainfall and widely spaced vegetation
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Subspecies
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a distinct population of a species, a race
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Ultrasound
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a technique using sound waves to locate the position of a fetus in the uterus
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Experiment
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a procedure carried out under controlled conditions to test a hypothesis
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Biology
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the study of living things
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Autosome
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any chromosome other than the sex chromosomes
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Taiga
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a biome characterized by coniferous forests
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Cell wall
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a semi-rigid structure lying outside of the plasma membrane in plant cells
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Matter
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anything that has mass and occupies space
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Gene pool
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all the genes present in a population
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Chloroplast
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a plastid containing chlorophyll
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Variable
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any factor that can be changed or varied in an experiment
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Chlorophyll
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one of several green pigments in plants required for photosynthesis
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Mutation
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a change in the genetic material that results from an errror in replication of DNA
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Lipid
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an organic molecule that will not dissolve in water but will dissolve in nonpolar substances: made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
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Homozygous
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a term used to describe an individual having two alike alleles for a trait
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Crossing over
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exchange of parts between two homologous chromosomes
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Element
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a substance made of only one kind of atom
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Secondary succession
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ecological succession occurring in an area stripped of its previous community
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Acquired characteristics
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Traits that an organism develops during its lifetime
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biogenesis
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the idea that all living things arise from other similar living things of the same type
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codon
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a sequence of 3 nucleotide bases that codes for one amino acid in a protein
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Endoplasmic recticulum
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a network of channels in the cytoplasm of a cell that functions in protein synthesis
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Equilibrium
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a state where the rate of particles entering and leaving a system is equal
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Inbreeding
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crossing two closely related individuals
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Eukaryote
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any cell with a membrane bound nucleus
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Herbivore
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a consumer that eats only plants
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Hybrid
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an individual produce by crossing 2 pure lines
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Hemophilia
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a sex-linked condition in humans in which blood fails to clot
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Taxonomy
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the science of classifying organisms
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Clone
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a group of identical cells, or a complete individual produced from a single somatic cell
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Messenger RNA
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A type of RNA that carries the instructions for protein synthesis from the DNA th the ribosome where it acts as a template
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Energy Pyramid
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a relationship showing the flow of energey as it is transferred through members of a food chain
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Carrier
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an individual that is heterozygous for a recessive trait
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Evolution
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the theories concerning the processes of biological and organic change in organisms such that descendents differ from their ancestors
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Diffusion
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the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
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Molecule
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2 or more atoms held together by a covalent bond
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Heterotroph
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an organism that cannot make its own food and must take in nourishment from its environment
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Carnivore
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an animal that consumes other animals for food.
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Ecology
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the study of the relationship between organisms and their environment
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Consumer
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an organism that gets its food from another organism or organic matter
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trisomy
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having an extra chromosome
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Gene Frequency
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the proportion of a particular allele in a population
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Temperate forest
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a biome characterized by plentiful rain and deciduous forests
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Fat
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a triglyceride that is solid at room temperature
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Mitchondrion
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an organelle in which energy production for the cell occurs
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Fermentation
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an anaerobic process whereby organic compounds such as carbohydrates are broken down to form products such as lactic acid or alcohol
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hypothesis
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a possible explanation for a set of observations
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Dominant
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a term used to describe a gene or trait that prevents the expression of a recessive trait
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osmosis
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the movement of water molecules across a membrane from an area of higer concentration to an area of lower concentration
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Recombinant DNA
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the new DNA that results from combining 2 or more types of DNA
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Primary Succession
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ecological succession occurring in an area not previously colonized
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Oil
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a triglyceride that remains in liquid at room temp.
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Autotroph
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an organism that can produce its own food from simple substances
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Nucleus
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a membrane-bound organelle containing the chromosomes/the central part of an atom containing the protons and neutrons
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Heterozygous
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a term used to describe an individual having unlike alleles for a trait
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Pedigree
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a diagram of family relationships
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Aminocentesis
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a procedure by which a small amount of amniotic fluid is withdrawn during pregnancy to detect genetic defects
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Photosynthesis
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a process by which plants, using chlorophyll and energy from sunlight, produce carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water
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Fossil
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an imprint or remains of an organism that lived long ago
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abiogenesis
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the obsolete idea that living things can arise from non-living material; spontaneous generation
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Haploid
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having half of the full complement of chromosomes
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Omnivore
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a consumer that eats both plants and animals
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Anaerobic
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not requiring oxygen
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Prokaryote
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any cell without an membrane-bound nucleus
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Punnett square
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a diagram used to visualise the possible results of a genetic cross
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Carbohydrate
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an organic molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that can be classified as sugar, starch, or cellulose
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Aerobic
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requiring oxygen
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Permeable
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allowing a substance to pass through
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Phenotype
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the observable appearance of an individual as a result of its genetic makeup
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Recessive
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a term used to describe a gene or trait that is hidden by a dominant gene
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Genotype
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the genetic makeup of an organism
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fungi
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plantlike heterotrophic organisms
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Atom
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the smallest particle of an element that has all the properties of the element
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Biome
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a large geographical area with characteristic life forms
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Hybridization
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when a breeder tries to combine the best of breeds
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Kingdom
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the broadest division in taxomic division
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Natural selection
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the process by which better adapted organisms survive and reproduce
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Organelle
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an organized structure within a cell that has a specific function
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population
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a group of interbreeding organisms that live in a particular location
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Sex chromosome
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one of a pair of chromosomesthat carry genes to determine sex and sex-linked traits
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Species
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a group of similar organisms capable of mating and producing fertile offspring
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speciation
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the formation of a new species
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Food chain
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the feeding relationships among the members of a community
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Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
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a single strand nucleic acid important in translating the DNA code
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Producers
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organisms that manufacture their own food
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Respiration
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process of converting food energy into a form of energy usable by cells; the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells and their environment
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Diploid
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having 2 of each type of chromosome
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Food Web
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a series of interrelated food chains in an ecosystem
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