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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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when an organism dies: why is a quick burial important?
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so it the animal wont be broken down or eaten
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where is a fossil likely to form
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lakes or oceans (riverbeds)
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what 2 factors prevent future fossils from forming?
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scavengers & agents of physical destruction
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what parts of an organisms fossilizes?
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the bones
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what is the difference btw a mold, a gast, and a trace fossil?
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mold- a cavity within the object
cast-a rock copy of the original object trace fossil- a fossilized toot imprint |
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define superposition, uniformitarianism, and uncomformity
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superposition- when the rocks at the top are new and the rocks at the bottom are older
uniformitarianism- the principles that occur today ucurred in the past uncomformity- the gaps in rock sequences |
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what is a fossil, and what is necessary for its formation?
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the remians imprints or traces of prehistoric organisms... quick burial, hard parts, and has to be in water
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what are index fossils, and why are they important
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the remains of species that existed on earth for relatively short periods of times: you can use them to extimate the age of rock layers
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what is the difference btw relative age and absolute age? why is carbon 14 important?
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relative age- the age of something depending on another object
the actual age of an object its used to determine absolute age |
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what are the 4 major eras? in order from oldest to youngest.
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precambrian, mesozoic, paleozoic, cenozoic
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eras are divided into sections called
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periods
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how many years ago did the dinosaurs become extinct
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65 million
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in which era did the following events occure?
a. development of a protoplanet b. first amphibians c. ozone forms. d. age of mammals e. first birds f. first primates g. pangaea forms h. pangaea forms i. age of dinosaurs j. formation of oceans k. age of fish l. first flowers m. first single cell life form |
a. pre cambrian
b. mesozoic c. pre cambrian d. cenozoic e. mesozoic f- cenozoic g- pre cambrian h- precambrian i- paleozoic j- pre cambrian k- paleozoic l-paleozoic m- pre cambrian |
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describe turgor pressure
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the water pressure inside a cell
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define homeostasis, equilibrium, negative feedback
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homeostasis- a stable internal invironment
equilibrium- ..... negative feedback- the body changes an internal state back to its original state |
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what is the difference between diffusion and osmosis? hypertonic vs. hypotonic?
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diffusion- molecules move or bump into eachother, water moving from high concentration areas to low concentration areas (equilibrium)
osmosis- passing water in & out of the cell membrane hypotonic- when an object shrinks due to diffusion, low turgor pressure within the cell isotonic- when an object swells due to diffusion, and the water inside the cell is abundant |
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who studied the inheritance patterns of pea plants?
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Gregor Mendel
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Describe the difference genotype and phenotype
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genotype- the genetic makeup of an organism (letters Tt)
phenotype- what a person physically looks like |
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DEFINE:
gene allele trait dominant recessive |
gene- a trait given to you by your parents... what makes you.. YOU!
allele- An allele is an alternative form of a gene (one member of a pair) that is located at a specific position on a specific chromosome. trait-physical characteristics that come from an organsims parents dominant- a visible factore in a hybrid generation. it is written as a capital letter recessive- a factor that is hidden in a hybrid generation it is the "weaker" of the two traits |
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how do a guys and gals chromosomes differ? which person determines sex of offspring?
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girls- xx
boys-xy the chromosones |
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describe the difference between heterozygous and homozygous
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heterozygous- different alleles paired to make a gene
homozygous- same alleles paired to make a gene |
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what does it mean for a person to be a "carrier" of a specific genotype
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an individual who shows the dominant characteristic, but carries a recessive gene
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if a fox with brown fur is dominant (F) and a fox red fur is recessive (f), write down the homozygous and hetero zygous genotype symbols for fur coloring
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homozygous- hh, HH
heterozygous- Hh |
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charles darwin wrote his book the "origin of species" in 1859. he discussed natural selection. what are the benefits of organisms that adapted to their environment
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they are more apt to survive in terms of predators, and getting food too
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sexual
asexual reproduction |
sexual- 2 parteners
asexual- 1 partner |
