Science Semester 1 Final Exam Study Guide

Front 1

list the steps of the scientific method

Back 1

1) state the problem
2) form a testable hypothesis
3) design an experiment
4) collect and analyze data
5) draw conclusions
6) share information

Front 2

define scientific method

Back 2

the diverse ways in which scientists study the natural world and propose explanations based in the evidence they gather

Front 3

define hypothesis

Back 3

a prediction that can be tested

Front 4

define law

Back 4

a rule describing a consistent pattern in nature. It happens every time, all the time

Front 5

define theory

Back 5

a well tested explanation of something that occurs

Front 6

liquid;liter as rock;

Back 6

gram

Front 7

what are the characteristics of a living organism?

Back 7

1) cellular organization
2) reproduction
3) response to environment
4) growth and development
5) energy use
6) chemicals of life

Front 8

what are the five levels of organization?

Back 8

cells
tissues
organs
organ systems
organism

Front 9

what did Hooke do?

Back 9

discovered "tiny rooms" in cork he called cells

Front 10

Schleiden

Back 10

determined all plants are made of cells

Front 11

Schwann

Back 11

determined all animals are made of cells thus all living things are made of cells

Front 12

Virchow

Back 12

determined that all cells come from other celss

Front 13

what are the three parts of the cell theory

Back 13

1) all living things are composed of cells
2) cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living things
3) all cells are produced from other cells

Front 14

define homeostasis

Back 14

the maintenance of stable internal conditions

Front 15

what three things do animals rely on photosynthesis for

Back 15

1) food
2) oxygen
3) removal of carbon dioxide

Front 16

photosynthesis equation

Back 16

carbon dioxide + water > sugar + oxygen
^raw materials^ ^products^

Front 17

define active transport

Back 17

the movement of dissolved materials through a cell membrane using cellular energy

Front 18

define passive transport

Back 18

the movement of dissolved materials through a cell membrane without the use of cellular energy

Front 19

list and describe the three stages of the cell cycle

Back 19

1) Interphase- the cell grows and makes a copy of DNA
2) Mitosis- the stage during which the cell's nucleus divides into two new nuclei
3) Cytokinesis- the cell divides into two new daughter cells

Front 20

what is the function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Back 20

carries materials from one part of the cell to another

Front 21

what is the function of the Nucleus?

Back 21

directs all of the cell's activities

Front 22

what is the function of the Mitochondria?

Back 22

where most of the cell's energy is produced

Front 23

what is the function of the Ribosome?

Back 23

used to transport proteins throughout the cell

Front 24

what is the function of the Cell Membrane?

Back 24

protects the cell and regulates what substances enter and leave the cell

Front 25

what is the function of the Cytoplasm?

Back 25

gel-like fluid in which many organelles are found

Front 26

what is the function of the vacuole?

Back 26

stores water, food, waste products and other materials

Front 27

what is the function of the Golgi Body?

Back 27

receive materials from the ER and send them to other parts of the cell. can release materials outside of the cell

Front 28

what is the function of the cell wall?

Back 28

gives a plant cell its boxlike shape and provides protection

Front 29

what is the function of Chloroplast?

Back 29

capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell

Front 30

list the four phases of mitosis in order

Back 30

1) Prophase
2) Metaphase
3) Anaphase
4) Telophase

Front 31

Label the parts of the animal cell

Back 31

1) Nucleus
2) Endoplasmic Reticulum
3) Golgi Body
4) Cell Membrane
5) Vacuole
6) Lysosomes
7) Mitochondria
8) Cytoplasm

Front 32

Label the parts of the plant cell

Back 32

1) Nucleus
2) Cytoplasm
3) Ribosome
4) Golgi Body]
5) Mitochondria
6) Cell Membrane
7) Vacuole
8) Chloroplast
9) Cell Wall
10) Endoplasmic Reticulum

Front 33

define diffusion

Back 33

the main method by which molecules move across the cell membrane and the the process by which molecules tend to move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Front 34

define osmosis

Back 34

the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane

Front 35

define phenotype

Back 35

an organism's physical appearance

Front 36

define genotyope

Back 36

an organism's genetic makeup

Front 37

define probability

Back 37

a number that describes how likely it is that an event will occurr

Front 38

define mutation

Back 38

a change in gene or a chromosome

Front 39

define allele

Back 39

different forms of a gene

Front 40

define dominant allele

Back 40

the allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present

Front 41

define recessive allele

Back 41

the allele that is hidden whenever a dominant allele is present

Front 42

what is a punnett square

Back 42

a chart that shows all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross

Front 43

what are the base pairs

Back 43

Adenine & Thymine
Cytosine & Guanine

Front 44

BB , bb , and Bb refer to what vocabulary

Back 44

BB- homozygous dominant (2 dominant alleles)
bb- homozygous recessive (2 recessive alleles)
Bb- heterozygous (1 dominant & 1 recessive allele)

Front 45

define meiosis

Back 45

the process where the chromosome pairs separate and are distributed to two new cells- the resulting cells have as many chromosomes as the original cell

Front 46

amount of cells at the beginning and end of
1) Mitosis
2) Meiosis

Back 46

1) 46-46
2) 46-23