Science Semester 1 Exam

Front 1

Includes observations and measurements.

Back 1

Empirical Evidence

Front 2

A belief or practice that is based on incorrectly applied scientific method.

Back 2

Pseudoscience

Front 3

Give an example of pseudoscience

Back 3

Some people believe that the people that built the pyramids in Egypt were advanced beings from outer space

Front 4

What is a scientific theory?

Back 4

A system of ideas that explain many related observations and is supported by a large body of evidence acquired through scientific investigations.

Front 5

When scientists receive new information about a current theory, what happens to the existing theory?

Back 5

Scientific theories may be modified but rarely rejected.

Front 6

What is a hypothesis?

Back 6

A testable idea or explanation that leads to a scientific investigation.

Front 7

The factor that is deliberately manipulated.

Back 7

Independent variable

Front 8

Changes as a result of manipulation of one or more independent variables.

Back 8

Dependant variable

Front 9

List the steps in the scientific method:

Back 9

Defining a problem, forming a hypothesis and making predictions, and planning an investigation.

Front 10

Why do scientists repeat their clinical trials?

Back 10

So they know is that investigation is valid, if the investigation is valid then the results would be the same, if the investigation is invalid, then the results would be different.

Front 11

What should a scientist do if their data does not support their hypothesis?

Back 11

Record that their hypothesis was in accurate and record the true results.

Front 12

List a few examples of reliable sources of scientific information:

Back 12

Scientific journals, television, Internet, and magazines.

Front 13

What is data?

Back 13

The facts, figures, and other evidence scientist gather when they conduct an investigation.

Front 14

In biology, _________ refers to the process in which populations gradually change over time.

Back 14

Evolution

Front 15

Describe the process of natural selection:

Back 15

Process by which organisms that inherit advantageous traits tend to reproduce more successfully than other organisms do.

Front 16

What are genetic variations?

Back 16

Within a species there are natural differences, or _________, and treats.

Front 17

Describe adaption:

Back 17

And inherited trait helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment.

Front 18

What are the four parts of natural selection?

Back 18

Overproduction, genetic variations, selection, and adaptation.

Front 19

What evidence supports the theory of evolution?

Back 19

But examining fossil records that he can see how organisms have changed over time.

Front 20

How is DNA useful to scientist in determining how two species have a common ancestor?

Back 20

The greater number of similarities between the molecules of any two species, the more recently shared a common ancestor.

Front 21

How do we know if organisms are related?

Back 21

Fewer amino-acid differences

Front 22

List the three parts of the cell theory:

Back 22

1)All organisms are made up of 1 or more cells

2)Cells are the basic unit of all organisms

3)All cells come from preexisting cells

Front 23

A single celled organism that does not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles.

Back 23

Prokaryote

Front 24

How are prokaryotic cells different from eukaryotic cells?

Back 24

Prokaryote-

•Very small

•No nucleus/ DNA in cytoplasm

•Only unicellular

•No membrane bound organelles

Eukaryote-

•Varies in size

•Has a nucleus/DNA in nucleus

•Multicellular and unicellular

•All have membrane bound organelles

Examples of each:

Prokaryote-

•Bacteria

•Archaea

•Some flagella

Eukaryote-

•Animals

•Protist

•Plants

•Some flagella

•Fungi

Front 25

Where is the DNA in a prokaryotic organism?

Back 25

Cytoplasm

Front 26

An organism made up of cells that contain DNA in a nucleus.

Back 26

Eukaryote

Front 27

What is the job of the nucleus?

Back 27

Provide instructions for all the cells processes.

Front 28

What is the difference between a unicellular and a multicellular organism?

Back 28

A unicellular organism is an organism with only one cell.

Multicellular organism are organisms with two or more cells.

Front 29

The matter that you encounter every day both living in nonliving, is made up of basic particles called _________.

Back 29

Atom

Front 30

What is an element?

Back 30

These different types of Adams called elements. Each element has unique properties. For example oxygen is a colorless gas made up of oxygen Atoms. The element gold is a shiny metal made up of gold Atoms. Just six elements make up most of the human body. These and all elements are important for the cell processes in all living things

Front 31

A group of atoms held together by chemical bonds.

Back 31

Molecule.

Front 32

What is a compound?

Back 32

A substance made up of atoms of two or more elements joined by chemical bonds this is called a _______ most molecules found in cells are also ________.

Front 33

What are the four types of molecules used for growth repair and other life processes?

Back 33

Amino acid, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids.

Front 34

Which of the four molecules does not mix well with water?

Back 34

Lipids the head attracts water the tails reject water.

Front 35

In which of the four categories do enzymes belong?

Back 35

Protein. Enzymes how chemical processes happen.

Front 36

What type of molecule is DNA?

Back 36

Nucleic acid.

Front 37

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

Back 37

To protect and support.

Front 38

What are the three products do you used in a chloroplast during photosynthesis to make sugar and oxygen?

Back 38

Sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.

Front 39

Explain the function of the ER:

Back 39

Transport Ribosomes to the Golgi Complex.

Front 40

Explain the function of the ribosomes.

Back 40

Make proteins.

Front 41

What is the function of the vacuole?

Back 41

Store water, food, and a waste.

Front 42

Explain the function of the lysosomes.

Back 42

Recycling center.

Front 43

Explain the function of the Golgi complex.

Back 43

Takes ribosomes and makes them something special.

Front 44

Explain the function of the chloroplast in plant cells.

Back 44

Photosynthesis makes sugar.

Front 45

Explain the function of the mitochondria.

Back 45

O2+sugar----ATP,CO2+H2O

Front 46

What are the main functions of the cell wall?

Back 46

Protect and support

Front 47

What other organisms have cell walls, other than plants?

Back 47

Bacteria, some protist, Archaea, fungi

Front 48

Name two structures found in plant cells but not in animal cells.

Back 48

Cell wall, chloroplast.

Front 49

How do the chloroplasts and mitochondria work together in a plant cell to provide the cell with energy?

Back 49

O2+Sugar

Front 50

What are the four levels of cellular organization?

Back 50

Atom-cell-tissue-organ-organ system-organism

Front 51

A structure made up of a collection of tissues that carries out a specialized function is called an _________.

Stomach, skin, heart, liver, kidneys.

Back 51

Organ

Front 52

An _______ ________ is a group of organs that work together to perform body functions.

Cardiovascular, respiratory, skeletal, nervous.

Back 52

Organ system

Front 53

What is Homeostasis?

Back 53

The maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment.

Front 54

This process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria make their own food.

Back 54

Photosynthesis

Front 55

What is Cellular respiration?

Back 55

The process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food.

Front 56

How are Cellular respiration and photosynthesis alike and different?

Back 56

Cellular respiration makes energy from the food, photosynthesis makes the food.

Front 57

The movement of molecules from high concentrations to low concentrations.

Back 57

Diffusion

Front 58

What is the difference between active and passive transport?

Back 58

Passive transport-the movement of particles across the cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell.

Active transport-the movement of particles against a concentration gradient and requires the cell to use energy.

Front 59

The diffusion of water through a semi pro permeable membrane.

Back 59

Osmosis

Front 60

What is the difference between Endo and exocytosis?

Back 60

Endocytosis-the process by which a cell uses energy to surround a particle and enclose the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell.

Exocytosis-when particles are enclosed in a vesicle and released from a cell.

Front 61

How do humans practice artificial selection with animals?

Back 61

Human such as breeders choose the traits they want passed onto the next generations.

Front 62

How do species change over time?

Back 62

Day either evolve, adapt, or go extinct based on their changing environment.