Science: Rocks And Minerals

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crystal

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Crystals aresolids that form in a regular repeating pattern (crystal Lattice)

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lustre

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the way light interacts with the surface of a rock, crystal or mineral

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streak

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colourof crystal as a powder

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moh's scale

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a scale to test the hardness of a rock

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approx age of the earth

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4.5 billion years old

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age of the universe

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13.5 billion years old

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how did the lithosphere form

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molten rock that has cooled

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rock

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a collection of different types of minerals

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difference between native and compound elememt

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a native element is made up of only one type of atom e .g. gold, silver, platinum. a compound element is made up of 2 or more different toms

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crystal lattice

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atoms in minerals are arranged in a crystal lattice and this gives amineral its shape

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cooling rates in crystals

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the slower a crystal cools the larger it will be, if a crystal cools quickly it will be small depending on the size of it's growing space

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properties of minerals

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colour, lustre, streak and hardness

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uses of minerals

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gold and silver = jewelery, talc = baby powder copper = pipes

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example and uses of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks

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igneous - pumice - used in exfoliating products, sedimenatry - flint - fire-startr, metamorphic - marble - kitchen bench top

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igneous rock

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formed by the cooling of molten or semi molten rock

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sedimentary rock

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Layers of eroded earth deposited on top of each other at the bottom of water bodies. These layers are pressed downmore and more through time, until the bottom layers slowly turn into rock.

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metamorphic rock

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Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have changed into another kind of rock. Change due to pressure & heat, and therefore have melted and reformed e.g. marble from limestone

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difference between magma and lava

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Magma is composed of molten rock and is stored in the Earth's crust. Lava is magma that comes to the surface through a volcano vent.

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fossils

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the remains or traces of living things from the past

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difference between weathering and erosion

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Weatheringis the breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces or sediment while erosion is the movement of that sediment from one location to another usually by wind, water, ice or gravity

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example of physical weathering

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freeze thaw - water comes into the cracks of a rock and at night water freezes causing rock to expand and break off

thermal expansion -

biological - when something interacts with the rock

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example of chemical weathering

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acid rain breaks own the rock

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soils

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soils are composed of weathered rocks, organic material such as humus, water,air and living things

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the rock cycle: how rock cycle lead to the formation of rock and soil

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rock are broken into sediment down and compacted to form new rocks

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difference between open cut and underground mining

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open cut mining is when minerals are found over a large area and relatively close to the surface while underground mining is where the ore is too deep for open cut mining so an underground mine is built.