Science Quiz 1 - Ecology

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ecology

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the study of how organisms interact with their environment and eachother

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producer

Back 2

organisms capable of making their own food from water, light, and air

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consumer

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organisms that must eat other organisms for food

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herbivore

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an organism that eats FRESH plants as 90% of its diet

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carnivore

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an organism that eats FRESH meat as 90% of its diet

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omnivore

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organisms that eat a mixture of FRESH plant and animal materials

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detritus

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waste from plants and animals, including dead remains (eg. leaves off tree, dead trees, dead animal remains)

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decomposer

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organisms that consume detritus

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food chain

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sequence of organisms, one feeding off another

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habitat

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where an organism lives in its environment

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niche

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everything an organism does to survive and reproduce (organisms can have different niches in the same place eg. birds in tree)

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species

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a group of organisms that mate in the natural world and produce fertile offspring

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biotic factos

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the part of the environment that is LIVING or was once LIVING. (eg. moss, squirrel, tree stump)

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abiotic factors

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the part of the environment that was NEVER living (eg. rock, temperature, cloud)

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population

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all members of one species living in an area

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community

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all different populations in ecosystem

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ecotones

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the transition area between one ecosystem and another

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energy - 1st law

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energy can neither be created nor destroyed it CHANGES FORM.
(eg. solar(sun) -> mechanical(moving) -> heat)

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energy - 2nd law

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every time energy changes form some energy is LOST as "waste" or useless energy in the form of heat

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the sun is absorbed or reflected by:

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GASES in the air, WATER (clouds, ice, lakes), ROCKS and soil, LIVING organisms

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general process of photosynthesis (energy)

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COLLECTS solar energy, CONVERTS to chemical energy (food)

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detailed process of photosynthesis

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green plants collect sunlight using CHLOROPHYLL, convert light, CO2 and water to glucose (sugar),serves as food

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how to get glucose

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DIRECTLY from eating green plants, INDIRECTLY from eating things that have eaten green plants

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10% Rule

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only 10% of energy in an organism is passed on to next trophic level

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the higher trophic level with energy and 10% rule

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you USE more of the sun's energy (secondary consumer uses 10x as much energy than primary consumer)

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human impact on agriculture

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more food energy for humans, disruption of local ecosystems

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human impact on industry

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energy used to power machines, forms fossil fuels (GLOBAL WARMING!)

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trophic level

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the place in a food chain that an organism feeds

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first trophic level

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producers or AUTOTROPHS that feed themselves

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second trophic level

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herbivorse (1o consumers) that eat producers

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third trophic level

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carnivores (2o consumers) that eat herbivores

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fourth trophic level

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carnivores (3o consumers) that eat carnivores

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food web

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a series of interconnected food chains