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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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sunspot
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dark spots on the photosphere. areas of high magnetic field. cooler than surrounding areas. they will appear, and then disappear, not permanent. they can increase in size over time. they would move from left to right. that indicates the sun is rotating.
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solar flare
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an outburst of light that comes out of a sunspot. they vary in size & duration.
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solar winds
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electrically charged stream of particles that comes from the Corona. individual protons & electrons. it reaches the Earth in only a few days. Earth is protected by our magnetic field, so the winds don’t reach us.
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aurora, a.k.a. northern / southern lights
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magnetic poles. solar winds interact with gasses in our atmosphere at the magnetic poles. this causes the gasses to “glow” different colors.
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what color is oxygen gas
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green or red
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what color is nitrogen gas
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blue
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how much of our atmosphere is made up of nitrogen?
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78%
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Ra
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the egyptian sun god
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Helios
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the greek sun god
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sol
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the roman sun god
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Aristotle's theories
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Earth is “most important”
Sun & planets travel around the Earth Stars are “rips” in the celestial surface “geocentric” |
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Claudius Ptolemaeus the greek astronomer
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Geocentric Theory- sun & planets revolve around the Earth
“Epicycles” to explain retrograde motion retrograde- when the movement of a planet appears to move backwards This was believed for 1,500 years |
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Nicholas Copernicus; Polish Astronomer
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Heliocentric theory- that the Earth & the planets revolve around the sun.
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Galileo Galilei; Italian Astronomer
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Supported heliocentric view
used telescopes to prove (observed movements of Jupiter’s moons & Venus’ phases) Roman Catholic Church had him arrested, pit him on trial, convicted him, and put him under house arrest. “planets don’t move in circular orbits, they move in ellipses” |
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Johannes Kepler; Danish Astronomer
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Kepler’s Laws:
Law of ellipses; eccentricity measures how far out the ellipse is stretched, and the Sun is at one focal point. Law of equal areas; the planets move @ different speeds, depending upon how close they are to the sun. |
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Sir Isaac Newton Law
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gravity (every object is attracted to every other object)
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