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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Recieving Information
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THe nervous system recieves information about what is happening both inside and outside your body.
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Responding to Information
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It also directs the way in which your body responds to this information.
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Maintaining Homeostasis
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In addition, your nervous system helps maintain homeostasis.
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Neuron
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a message carrying cell, nerve cell
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The Three Jobs of the Nervous System
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Recieving information, responding to information, and maintaining homeostasis.
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Structure of a neuron
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Dendrites, cell body, and axon
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dendrites
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carries impulses toward the cell body
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cell body
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Has threadlike extensions and contains a nucleus
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axon
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carries impulses away from the cell body
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Kinds of Neurons
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Sensory neurons, interneurons, motor neurons
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Sensory neuron
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picks up stimuli from the internal or external environment and converts each stimulus into a nerve impulse
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Interneuron
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carries nerve impulses from one neuron to another. Some interneurons pass impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons
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Motor Neuron
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sends an impulse to a muscle and the muscle contracts in response
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How does a nerve impulse travel?
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A nerve impulse travels from the sensory neuron to the interneuron then to the motor neuron.
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Divisions of the Nervous System
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Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System
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Parts of the Central Nervous System
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Brain and the Spinal Cord
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Brain
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made up of billions of INTERNEURONS
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Parts of the Brain
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Cerebrum, Cerebellum and the Brainstem
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Cerebrum
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interprets input from the senses, controls the movement of skeletal muscles and carries out complex mental processes
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Cerebellum
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coordinates the actions of your muscles and helps you keep our balance
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Brainstem
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controls involuntary actions
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Spinal Cord
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the link between your brain and the peripheral nervous system
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Perpiheral Nervous System
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consists of netowrk of 43 pairs of nerves--12 pairs (originate in the brain) 31 pairs (spinal nerves-begin in spinal cord). Also consists of the Somatic Nervous System and the Autonomic Nervous System
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Somatic Nervous System
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Control voluntary actions
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Autonomic
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control involuntary actions
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reflex
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automatic response that occurs very rapidly w/o concious control
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example of a reflex
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stimulus- Touching a hot plate
Response- Pulling your hand away |
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Safety & Nervous System
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The nervous system can suffer injuries that interfer with its functioning
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Ways in which nervous system can be damaged
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concussion, spinal cord injuries
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Concussion
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A bruise-like injury of the brain
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Spinal Cord Injuries
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They occur when the spinal cord is cut or crushed
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Ways to decrease injuries in the brain or spinal cord
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a. Wear a seatbelt in the car
b. Make sure the water is deep enough before you dive into a pool c. Wear a helmet when riding a bike |
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Vision (sight)
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Your eyes respond to the stimulus of light. They convert that stimulus ino impulses that your brain interprets, enabling you to see
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How light enters the eye
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WHen rays of light strike the eye then strike the cornea. The light then passes to the pupil. The iris them regulates the amount of light entering the eye.
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How light is focused
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Light passes through the pupil and strikes the lens. The lens focuses light.
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How you see an image
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The retina contains 130 million receptor cells that respond to light. There are two types of receptors rods and cones. Rods enable you to see black and white cones enable you to see color.
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Vision Problems
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Nearsightedness and Farsightedness
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Nearsightedness
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Can see nearby objects clearly, but have trouble seeing far away objects. (eyeball is too long--corrective lenses shape-concave)
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Farsightedness
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Can see distant ogjects clearly, but cannot see nearby objects (eyeball is too short--corrective lenses shape-convex)
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How sound is produced
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Sound is produced by vibrations
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Sound vibrations in the ear
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The ear is structures to receive sound vibrations
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How you hear
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The fluid in the cochlea vibrates and stimulates receptors. Sensory neurons then send nerve impulses to the cerebrum through the auditory nerve.
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Sense of Balance
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Above the cochlea in your inner ear is the semicircular canal, which is responsible for your sense of balance
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Smell and Taste
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senses of smell and taste work closely together, and both depend on chemicals
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Chemicals trigger responses in recpetors in the nose and mouth...
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nose (can distinguish 50 basic odors)
tounge (only 4 kinds of taste buds)(sweet, sour, salty, & bitter) |
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Touch
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found in all areas of your skin. Receptors in the skin respond to the light touch, heavy pressure, pain, and tempurature change
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Medicines
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legal drugs that help the body fight disease and injury
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Drug Abuse
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The deliberate misuse of drugs for purposes other that medical uses
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Immediate Effects of Abused Drugs
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Nasea, a fast irregular heartbeat, sleepiness, headaches, dizziness, trembling
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Tolerance
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Drug users need more and more of a drug to produce the same effect on the body
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Addiction
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The body becomes physically dependent on a drug
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Kinds of Drugs
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Depressants, Stimulants, Anabolic Steroids
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Depressants
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Slow down the activity of the central nervous system
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stimulants
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speed up the body process
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anabolic steroids
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chemicals similar to hormones. May increase muscle size and strength
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Alcohol
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a drug found in many beverages
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Effects of Alcohol on the Nervous System
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Vision blurred, Speech becomes unclear, control of behavoir is reduced, and judgement becomes poor
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Effects of Alcohol on the Cardio System
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Heartbeat rate and blood pressure increases. With large amounts of alcohol, the heartbeat rate and blood pressure may decrease.
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Effects of Alcohol on the Excretory System
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Causes kidneys to produce more urine, as a result the drinker loses more water than usual
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Effects of ALcohol on the Skin
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Blood overflow to the skin increases causing rapid loss of body heat
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Effects of Alcohol on the Liver
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over many years, liver can damage can result in cell destruction
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Effects of Alcohol on the Digestive System
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Alcohol is absorbed by stomach and passes to the bloodstream quickly
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Long Term Alcohol Abuse
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Can cause the destruction of cells in the brain and liver and can lead to addiction
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Alcoholism
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A disease where a person is physically and mentally addicted to alcohol
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