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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a type of rock formed by molten rock material called magma
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igneous
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rock that consists of bits and pieces of other rocks
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sedimentary
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rocks that have been formed by some combination of thermal energy, pressure, and chemical activity
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metamorphic
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3 factors that determine when a rock melts are...
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pressure, temp., water
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what is viscosity?
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measure of the resistance to flow
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what are rock fragments thrown into the air during a volcanic eruption?
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tephra
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unusually hot regions of earths mantle where high temp. plumes of mantle materal rise toward the surface; dont move fast
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hot spot
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the most abundant element found in earts crust is
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oxygen
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the appearance or quality of light reflected from the surface of a mineral is called
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luster
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the resistance of a mineral to abrasion is known as...
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hardness
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naturally occuring crystalline
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mineral
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most fossils are found in these types of rock.
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sedimentary
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a smooth flat break in a mineral
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cleavage
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uneven break in a mineral
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fracture
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color in powder form
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streak
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molten rock
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magma
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size and arrangement of rock components
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texture
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rock beneath the crust
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intrusive igneous rock
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lava rock on earths surface
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extrusive igneous rock
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most important mineral group by volume in earths crust
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silicates
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what process created earths first atmosphere and ocean water
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volcanoism
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2 factors that affect viscosity
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gas content and compostion
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an opening in the crust from which lava flows
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vent
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bowl shaped depression around an opening in the crust
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crater
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a cloud of rapidly moving extreamly hot volcanic material
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pyroclastic flow
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depression caused by a collapsed magma chamber
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caldera
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largest type of volcano; a mountain w/ broad, gently sloping sides and a nearly circular base
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shield volcano
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volcano that is generally small, steep sided and forms when material is ejected and falls back down to pile up around the vent
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cinder-cone volcano
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large volcanoes that form when layers of volcanic fragments alternate with lava
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composite volcanoes
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