Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Matter
|
anything that has mass and volume
|
|
|
Mass
|
the amount of matter ia substance or an obect
|
|
|
Volume
|
the amount of space taken up by a subtance or object
|
|
|
Kinetic Energy
|
the energy of motion
|
|
|
Kinetic Molecular Theory
|
an explanation of the behaviour of molecules in matter
|
|
|
Thermal Expansion
|
an increase of volume ina substance when its temperature is raised
|
|
|
Thermal Contraction
|
a decrease in volume in a substance when its temperature is lowered
|
|
|
Thermal Energy
|
the total energy of the particles making up a substance
|
|
|
Temperature
|
a measure of the average kinetic enery of the particles in a substance
|
|
|
Melting
|
the process of changing state from a solid to a liquid
|
|
|
Evaporation
|
the process of changing state from a liquid to a gas
|
|
|
Condensation
|
the process of changing state form a gas to a liquid
|
|
|
Solidification
|
the process of changing state from a liquid to a solid by the removal of heat
|
|
|
Sublimation
|
the process of changing state from a solid to a gas without going through the liquid stage
|
|
|
Deposition
|
the chan
ge in state of a substance from gas directly to solid |
|
|
melting point
|
the temperature at which a solid begins to liquefy
|
|
|
boiling point
|
the temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas
|
|
|
fluid
|
a form of matter that can flow
|
|
|
density
|
the mass of a given volume
|
|
|
displacement
|
the amout of space an object takes up when placed in a fluid
|
|
|
force
|
a push or a pull that acts on an object
|
|
|
contact forces
|
forces that affect objects they touch
|
|
|
weight
|
the amount of force on an object due to gravity
|
|
|
force meters
|
a device that measures force by means of a spring or elastic
a device that measures force by means of a spring or elastic that stretches or compresses when pulled or pushed |
|
|
balanced forces
|
forces that are equal n strength and opposit in direction
|
|
|
unbalaned forces
|
forces that cause a change in the speed or direction of an object
|
|
|
pressure
|
the amount of force applied over a given area to an object
|
|
|
compression
|
a decrease in volume produced by a force
|
|
|
deformation
|
a change of shape of a solid without a change of volume
|
|
|
viscosity
|
the resistance of a fluid to flow
|
|
|
flow rate
|
the speed at which a fliuid flows from one point to another
|
|
|
adhesion
|
the attraction beteen the moecules of two different substances in contact with each other
|
|
|
cohesion
|
the stength with which the particles of an object or fluid attract each other
|
|
|
surface tension
|
a property of a liquid in which molecules at the surface of the liquid attract each other
|
|
|
one atmosphere
|
the atmosheric pressure at sea level
|
|
|
buoyant force
|
the upward force exerted by a fluid
|
|
|
convection
|
the process of heat tranfer through the flow of a heated substance such as air or water
|
|
|
static pressure
|
the force exerted by an enclosed, non-moving fluid when pressure is applied to the fluid
|
|
|
dynamic pressure
|
the force exerted by a fluid in motion
|
|
|
hydraulic systems
|
a device that transmits an applied force through the use of liquid under pressure
|
|
|
vlave
|
a structure positioned between each of the four cambers of the heart that allows blood to flow in only one direction
|
|
|
check valves
|
an hydraulic valve that allows fluids to flow in only one direction
|
|
|
hydraulic multiplication
|
using an incompressible fluid to increase and transmit a force from one point to anothr
|
|
|
pneumatic systems
|
the use of gas in an enclosed system under pressure
|
|
|
circulatory system
|
the body system that moves blood through out the body
|
|
|
hydrologist
|
a scientist who studies Earth's water systems and helps find solutions to problems related to water quality and quantity
|
|
|
oceanographers
|
a scientist who studies oceans
|
|
|
salinity
|
a measure of the amount of salts dissovled in a liquid
|
|
|
density
|
the mass of a given volume
|
|
|
run-off
|
water that is not absorbed immediatly by the Earth's surface but flows down hill over the land and buildings into water bodies and sewers
|
|
|
gravity
|
the attractive force between objects
|
|
|
drainage basin
|
the area of land on which precipitaition falls and drains into a common river
|
|
|
aquifer
|
an underground layer of porous rock through which water can flow quite easily
|
|
|
reservoir
|
a large natural or artificial lake or holding pond used to collect and store water for human use
|
|
|
water table
|
in the ground the level beneath which porous rock is are filled with water
|
|
|
glaciers
|
a large moving mass of compressed ice and snow
|
|
|
crevasses
|
deep crack that forms in a glacier
|
|
|
icebergs
|
a large chunk of ice that breaks off a glacier into the ocean
|
|
|
weathering
|
the gradual process of breaking down rock into smaller fragments
|
|
|
physical weathering
|
the gradual process of breaking down rock physically wthout changing its composititon
|
|
|
erosion
|
the transport of sediments from one place to another by agents such as water, glacier gravity, and wind
|
|
|
deposition
|
the change in state of a substance from gas directly to solid without forming a liquid
|
|
|
sinkholes
|
a large depression in the ground caused by the collapse of an underground cave
|
|
|
karst
|
an area with many sinkholes
|
|
|
striations
|
scratch marks cut into rocky glaciers slowly moving over it
|
|
|
delta
|
an area of built- up sediment deposited by a river where the river empties into an ocean or a lake
|
|
|
continental margin
|
the part of continents that lies under the ocean and inludes the continental shelf, the continental slope, and the continental rise
|
|
|
ocean basin
|
deep, wide depression in Earth's surface that contain the oceans
|
|
|
tectonic processes
|
the movements of Earth's tectonic plates as they float over Earth's moltten layers
|
|
|
trench
|
a long V-shaped groove created in the ocean floor when an oceanic plate pushes against a continental plate
|
|
|
abyssal plains
|
the wide, flat part of the ocean lying beteen the continental margins and mid- ocean ridges
|
|
|
seamount
|
an inactive, underwater volcano that developed near a mid ocean ridge but has now shifted away as the oceanic plates continue to move apart
|
|
|
continental shelf
|
the shallowest part of a continental margin that extends out into the ocean from the shore
|
|
|
continental slope
|
an area that drops off rapidly to the oean basin from he edge of the continental shelf
|
|
|
turbidity current
|
a fast moving underwater landslide caused b the sudden collapse of sediment built up along the continental slope
|
|
|
continental rise
|
an area at the front of th continental slope
|
|
|
submarine anyons
|
a deep gully carved in the ontinental shelf and continental slope by turbidity currents
|
|
|
wind action
|
one of the forces that cause oean surface currents to move
|
|
|
coriolis effect
|
an alteration of direction in the paths of winds and currents due to Earth's spin
|
|
|
density current
|
the movement of a mass of cold dense ocean water as it sinks beneath warmer surface water
|
|
|
upwelling
|
a current of cold dense water flowing upward from the ocean flow
|
|
|
swells
|
large rolling ocean waves
|
|
|
headlands
|
a section of coastline that extend out into the ocean
|
|
|
bays
|
an indented aresa of coastline where the ocean reaches into the land
|
|
|
tide
|
the daily cycle of the rise and fall of ocean water
|
|
|
el Nino
|
a warm ocean current tht developes each year off the cosat of the Ecuader and Peru
|
|
|
la Nina
|
colder than normal water coming to the surface off the coast of South America due to upwelling
|
|
|
benthic zone
|
the cold, dark paart of the ocean that extends deeer than 4000m from the surface
|
|
|
pelagic zone
|
the upper part of the ocean that extends from the surface to depth of 4000m
|
|
|
acid precipitation
|
precipitation with a pH of less that 5.0 that forms when water vapour combines with nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide
|
