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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Properties
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Characteristics of essential oils based on their chemical constituents.
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Matter
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Physical substance in general, as distinct from mind and spirit; (in physics) that which occupies space
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WHMIS
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The Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
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States if matter
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States of matter are the distinct forms that different phases of matter take on
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Melting
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Become liquefied by heat
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Evaporation
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vaporization: the process of becoming a vapor
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Solidification
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hardening: the process of becoming hard or solid by cooling or drying or crystallization
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Sublimation
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a change directly from the solid to the gaseous state without becoming liquid
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Condensation
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Water that collects as droplets on a cold surface when humid air is in contact with it
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Deposition
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the settling of particles (atoms or molecules) or sediment from a solution, suspension and mixture or vapor
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Physical Properties
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any property used to characterize matter and energy and their interactions
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Chemical Properties
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a property used to characterize materials in reactions that change their identity
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Chemical Change
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any process determined by the atomic and molecular composition and structure of the substances involved
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Pure substance
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A sample of matter, either an element or a compound, that consists of only one component with
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Element
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a pure chemical substance consisting of one type of atom distinguished by its atomic number
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Periodic Table
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A table of the chemical elements arranged in order of atomic number, usually in rows
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Compound
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A thing that is composed of two or more separate elements
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Mixture
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A substance made by mixing other substances together
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Solution
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a solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances
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Mechanical mixture
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a mixture whose components can be separated by mechanical means
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Suspension
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a suspension is a heterogeneous fluid containing solid particles that are sufficiently large for sedimentation
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Colloid
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A homogeneous, noncrystalline substance consisting of large molecules
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Alchemy
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A medieval chemical philosophy having as its asserted aims the transmutation of base metals into gold, the discovery of the panacea, and the preparation of the elixir of longevity
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Atom
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The basic unit of a chemical element
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Protons
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A stable subatomic particle occurring in all atomic nuclei, with a positive electric charge equal in magnitude to that of an electron
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Neutrons
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A subatomic particle of about the same mass as a proton but without an electric charge
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Electrons
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A stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity
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Electron Shell
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a grouping of electrons surrounding the nucleus of an atom
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Valence Electrons
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an electron in the outer shell of an atom which can combine with other atoms to form molecules
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Nucleus
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The nucleus is the very dense region consisting of nucleons (protons and neutrons) at the center of an atom
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Atomic number
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The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table
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Atomic mass
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The mass of an atom expressed in atomic mass units
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Metal
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A solid material that is typically hard, shiny, malleable, fusible, and ductile, with good electrical and thermal conductivity
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Non-metal
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One of the elements which do not exhibit metallic properties, generally located in the upper righthand corner of the Periodic Table
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Metalloid
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An element (e.g., germanium or silicon) whose properties are intermediate between those of metals and solid nonmetals
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Family
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In Chemistry, family refers to a group of elements with similar chemical properties. Chemical families tend to be associated with the vertical columns on the periodic table
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Periods
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In chemistry, the term period refers to a horizontal row of the periodic table
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Halogens
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Any of the elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine, occupying group VIIA (17) of the periodic table
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Nobles gases
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Any of the gaseous elements helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon
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Alkaline earth metals
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The alkaline earth metals are a series of elements comprising Group 2 (IUPAC style) (Group IIA) of the periodic table
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Alkali Metals
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Any of the highly reactive elements lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium
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Chemical Formula
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formula: a representation of a substance using symbols for its constituent elements
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Ion
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An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons
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Ionic Compound
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Formed by the electrostatic attraction of oppositely charged ions
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Molecular compound
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A molecule is defined as an electrically neutral group of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together
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Molecule
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A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound
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Reactant
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A substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction
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Product
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The resulting substance after a chemical reaction has occured.
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Chemical reaction
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A process that involves rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance
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Exothermic reaction
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a reaction that releases heat enrergy
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Endothermic reaction
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a chemical reaction accompanied by the absorption of heat
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Combustion
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Rapid chemical combination of a substance with oxygen, producing heat and light
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Corrosion
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The process of corroding metal, stone, or other materials
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Cellular Respiration
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respiration: the metabolic processes whereby certain organisms obtain energy from organic molecules
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Photosynthesis
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The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water
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Open System
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A material system in which mass or energy can be lost to or gained from the environment
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Closed System
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closed system refers to a confined system that doesn't allow inputs or outputs
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Conservation of mass
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A principle stating that mass cannot be created or destroyed
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Catalyst
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A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change
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