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59 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Properties
Characteristics of essential oils based on their chemical constituents.
Matter
Physical substance in general, as distinct from mind and spirit; (in physics) that which occupies space
WHMIS
The Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
States if matter
States of matter are the distinct forms that different phases of matter take on
Melting
Become liquefied by heat
Evaporation
vaporization: the process of becoming a vapor
Solidification
hardening: the process of becoming hard or solid by cooling or drying or crystallization
Sublimation
a change directly from the solid to the gaseous state without becoming liquid
Condensation
Water that collects as droplets on a cold surface when humid air is in contact with it
Deposition
the settling of particles (atoms or molecules) or sediment from a solution, suspension and mixture or vapor
Physical Properties
any property used to characterize matter and energy and their interactions
Chemical Properties
a property used to characterize materials in reactions that change their identity
Chemical Change
any process determined by the atomic and molecular composition and structure of the substances involved
Pure substance
A sample of matter, either an element or a compound, that consists of only one component with
Element
a pure chemical substance consisting of one type of atom distinguished by its atomic number
Periodic Table
A table of the chemical elements arranged in order of atomic number, usually in rows
Compound
A thing that is composed of two or more separate elements
Mixture
A substance made by mixing other substances together
Solution
a solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances
Mechanical mixture
a mixture whose components can be separated by mechanical means
Suspension
a suspension is a heterogeneous fluid containing solid particles that are sufficiently large for sedimentation
Colloid
A homogeneous, noncrystalline substance consisting of large molecules
Alchemy
A medieval chemical philosophy having as its asserted aims the transmutation of base metals into gold, the discovery of the panacea, and the preparation of the elixir of longevity
Atom
The basic unit of a chemical element
Protons
A stable subatomic particle occurring in all atomic nuclei, with a positive electric charge equal in magnitude to that of an electron
Neutrons
A subatomic particle of about the same mass as a proton but without an electric charge
Electrons
A stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity
Electron Shell
a grouping of electrons surrounding the nucleus of an atom
Valence Electrons
an electron in the outer shell of an atom which can combine with other atoms to form molecules
Nucleus
The nucleus is the very dense region consisting of nucleons (protons and neutrons) at the center of an atom
Atomic number
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table
Atomic mass
The mass of an atom expressed in atomic mass units
Metal
A solid material that is typically hard, shiny, malleable, fusible, and ductile, with good electrical and thermal conductivity
Non-metal
One of the elements which do not exhibit metallic properties, generally located in the upper righthand corner of the Periodic Table
Metalloid
An element (e.g., germanium or silicon) whose properties are intermediate between those of metals and solid nonmetals
Family
In Chemistry, family refers to a group of elements with similar chemical properties. Chemical families tend to be associated with the vertical columns on the periodic table
Periods
In chemistry, the term period refers to a horizontal row of the periodic table
Halogens
Any of the elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine, occupying group VIIA (17) of the periodic table
Nobles gases
Any of the gaseous elements helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon
Alkaline earth metals
The alkaline earth metals are a series of elements comprising Group 2 (IUPAC style) (Group IIA) of the periodic table
Alkali Metals
Any of the highly reactive elements lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium
Chemical Formula
formula: a representation of a substance using symbols for its constituent elements
Ion
An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons
Ionic Compound
Formed by the electrostatic attraction of oppositely charged ions
Molecular compound
A molecule is defined as an electrically neutral group of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together
Molecule
A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound
Reactant
A substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction
Product
The resulting substance after a chemical reaction has occured.
Chemical reaction
A process that involves rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance
Exothermic reaction
a reaction that releases heat enrergy
Endothermic reaction
a chemical reaction accompanied by the absorption of heat
Combustion
Rapid chemical combination of a substance with oxygen, producing heat and light
Corrosion
The process of corroding metal, stone, or other materials
Cellular Respiration
respiration: the metabolic processes whereby certain organisms obtain energy from organic molecules
Photosynthesis
The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water
Open System
A material system in which mass or energy can be lost to or gained from the environment
Closed System
closed system refers to a confined system that doesn't allow inputs or outputs
Conservation of mass
A principle stating that mass cannot be created or destroyed
Catalyst
A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change