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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which law is this - When two contrasting traits are crossed only the dominant appears in the next generation.
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Law of Dominance
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Which law is this - Chromosomes (alleles) separate (anaphase) during the formation of sex cells
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Law of Segregation
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Which law is this - chromosomes (alleles) separate indepently of each other during the formation of gametes
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Law of Independent Assortment
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Which law is this - the chance of two events occuring together is the product of their probabilities occuring separately
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Law of Probability
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Is the law of Probability one of Mendel's laws?
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No.
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What is the law of probability the same as?
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Chance
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Who developed the laws of genetics?
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Gregor Mendle
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What laws are included in the laws of genetics?
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Law of Dominance, Law of Segregation, Law of Independent Assortment
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What did Thomas Hunt Morgan do?
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Experimented with fruit flies
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Name three reason why fruit flies are used.
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They reproduce rapidly (short life cycle), produce large numbers of offspring, and they have easily identifiable phenotypes (easy to see)
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Who experimented with fruit flies?
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Thomas Hunt Morgan
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What is this called - some traits carried on the X chrosome do not have an allele on the Y chrosomes because it is much shorter
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Hemizygous
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What did Morgan prove -
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the chromosome theory of heredity
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What is Hemizygous?
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some traits carried on the X chrosome do not have an allele on the Y chrosomes because it is much shorter
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What did Walter Sutton study?
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Grasshoppers
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What did Wa;ter Sutton propose?
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He proposed that chrosomes carried the cell's units of inheritance
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What were these "cell units" called?
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Mendel's "factors" of inheritance
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Who proved the chrosomes theory of heredity?
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Thomas Hunt Morgan
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Who studied Grasshoppers
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Walter Sutton
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What is a trait expressed if present?
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Dominant
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What is a trait expressed only if homozygous
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Recessive
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Two different alleles for a trait
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Two different alleles for a trait
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Two similar alleles for a trait
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Homozygous
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Genetic makeup of an organism
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Genotype
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physical appearance of an organism
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Phenotype
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When neither allele is dominant and there is a blending in the phenotype
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Incomplete Dominance
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When two contrasting alleles are expressed at the same time
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Codominance
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Breeding of related organisms it is used to maintain desirable traits
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Inbreeding
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Breeding used to introduce desirable traits
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Outbreeding
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When a trait is controlled by more than two alleles
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Multiple Alleles
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Traits controlled by more than one gene pair
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Polygenic traits
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Give some examples of polygenic traits
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Eye, hair, and skin color, height and weight
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A gene in one location affects the phenotypic expression at another location
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Epistasis
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What is an example of Epistasis?
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Albinism in Rabbits
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One gene affects an organism many ways
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Pleiotropy
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What is an example of Pleiotropy?
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PKU
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What is PKU
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Mental retardation, reduced hair and skin pigmentation
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What are the types of twins?
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Fraternal, Identical, Conjoined, Half
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Describe Fraternal Twins -
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Look no more alike than normal brothers and sisters
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Identical -
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Either two boys or two girls, Look very much alike
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Descrbibe conjoined twins -
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the zygote starts to divide, but does not divide completely. The twins are attached
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What is another name for conjoined twins?
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Simase Twins
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Describe Half Twins -
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two zygotes combine - a different genotype is expressed in different parts of the body. Also can be an encapsulated twin - tumor with hair and teeth ect... inside
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What are traits express only in the presence of sex hormones
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Sex-linked traits
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Give two examples of sex-linked traits
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Color in birds, Beard growth in men, milk production in women
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traits expressed only in the presence of sex hormones
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Sex-limited traits
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give an example of sex limited traits
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Color in birds, beard growth in men, milk production in women
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traits expressed in both sexes but differently
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Sex-influenced
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Give an example of Sex-influenced traits expressed in both sexes but differently
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Baldness
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used to determine If it is homozygous or heterozygous dominant
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Test cross
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What does the male determine
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the sex of the child
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What do the letters on the outside of a punnet square represent -
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genotype of parents
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What about on the inside of the square
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possible genotypes of the children
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Why do Himalayan Rabbits have black ears, nose and feet
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Those are the parts of the body that lose heat the fastest
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What colors to Artic Foxes turn
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Brown to white
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What is the term for Y being shorter than X chromosome
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Hemizygois
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On X but not Y
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Color Blindness, Hemophilia
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Disadvantage of Inbreeding
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Keep Bad traits, recessive traits expressed
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