Science Full Set

Front 1

air mass

Back 1

a large body of air with the same temperature and humidity throughout

Front 2

air pressure

Back 2

the weight of the atmosphere pressing in all directions at a certain place

Front 3

altitude

Back 3

an object’s height above Earth’s surface

Front 4

analyze

Back 4

to study something carefully in order to understand what it means

Front 5

anemometer

Back 5

a tool used to measure wind speed

Front 6

Aristotle

Back 6

a Greek philosopher who made many discoveries in life science, astronomy, and physics

Front 7

atmosphere

Back 7

the blanket of air that surrounds Earth

Front 8

attract

Back 8

to pull closer

Front 9

axis

Back 9

an imaginary line that runs through Earth’s center from the North Pole to the South Pole

Front 10

bar graph

Back 10

a graph that shows numbers as bars of different lengths

Front 11

barometer

Back 11

a tool used to measure air pressure

Front 12

behavior

Back 12

a way in which a living thing acts or responds to its surroundings

Front 13

biofuel

Back 13

a fuel made from living things

Front 14

boiling

Back 14

the bubbling that takes place in a liquid when enough heat is added to change the liquid quickly into a gas

Front 15

boiling point

Back 15

the temperature at which a liquid boils

Front 16

camouflage

Back 16

a pattern or coloring that helps a living thing blend in with its surroundings

Front 17

canyon

Back 17

a deep, narrow valley with steep sides

Front 18

carbon dioxide/oxygen cycle

Back 18

the movement of carbon dioxide and oxygen gas through the environment of Earth

Front 19

carnivore

Back 19

an animal that eats only other animals

Front 20

characteristic

Back 20

a body feature that helps an organism survive in its environment

Front 21

characteristic properties

Back 21

properties of matter that do not change

Front 22

circle graph

Back 22

a graph that shows the parts of a whole as the parts of a circle

Front 23

climate

Back 23

the average weather of an area over a long period of time

Front 24

closed circuit

Back 24

a complete path for the flow of electricity

Front 25

communicate

Back 25

to share ideas and information

Front 26

community

Back 26

all the populations of organisms living in an ecosystem

Front 27

competition

Back 27

the struggle between two organisms to obtain the same resource in an ecosystem

Front 28

compression

Back 28

a region in which particles in air are bunched together

Front 29

complete metamorphosis

Back 29

the total change of form that some insects go through as they become adults

Front 30

conclusion

Back 30

a statement about what data seem to mean and observations

Front 31

condensation

Back 31

the change from a gas to a liquid

Front 32

conduct

Back 32

to transfer heat or electricity

Front 33

conductor

Back 33

a material that lets electricity or heat pass through it easily

Front 34

conserve

Back 34

to use something wisely, to avoid using it up

Front 35

conservation

Back 35

the careful use and protection of natural resources

Front 36

consumer

Back 36

1) an organism that gets energy by eating other organisms 2) a person who buys merchandise

Front 37

control

Back 37

a feature that does not change in an experiment

Front 38

continent

Back 38

an enormous, slowly moving landmass that floats on Earth’s surface

Front 39

crater

Back 39

a large, hollow pit in the surface of the moon (or a planet)

Front 40

data

Back 40

pieces of information gathered during an investigation or experiment

Front 41

decomposer

Back 41

an organism that gets energy by breaking down dead organisms

Front 42

delta

Back 42

an area of sediment that builds up to form a flat piece of land where a river flows into an ocean or lake

Front 43

density

Back 43

the amount of matter in a certain amount of space

Front 44

deposition

Back 44

the process by which eroded rock is dropped in a new place

Front 45

direction

Back 45

the path that a moving object follows

Front 46

dissolve

Back 46

to mix evenly in a liquid. When a substance dissolves, it breaks into tiny pieces that seem to disappear.

Front 47

drought

Back 47

a long period of time of dryness that may occur when precipitation is less than normal

Front 48

dune

Back 48

a hill of sand deposited by wind

Front 49

earthquake

Back 49

the shaking that happens when rock in Earth’s crust breaks and slips

Front 50

ecosystem

Back 50

all the living and nonliving things in an area

Front 51

electric current

Back 51

a flow of electric charges through a circuit

Front 52

electrical circuit

Back 52

the path that an electrical current takes

Front 53

electrical energy

Back 53

the energy of moving electric charges

Front 54

electromagnet

Back 54

a magnet made by sending current through a wire wrapped around a metal object, such as a nail

Front 55

empirical evidence

Back 55

data or conclusions collected through personal observation or experience that can prove that a hypothesis is correct or incorrect

Front 56

energy

Back 56

the ability to make things move or change

Front 57

environment

Back 57

a living thing’s surroundings

Front 58

erosion

Back 58

the process by which weathered rock is picked up and moved

Front 59

evaporation

Back 59

the change from a liquid to a gas at the surface of the liquid

Front 60

evolution

Back 60

(the theory of) the series of gradual changes in a species over time

Front 61

experiment

Back 61

a controlled test to answer a scientific question

Front 62

extinct

Back 62

no longer found living on Earth

Front 63

extinction

Back 63

occurs when all the members of a species die off

Front 64

flexible

Back 64

easy to bend

Front 65

flood

Back 65

an overflow of water onto land that is normally dry

Front 66

food chain

Back 66

a model that shows the path of energy as it flows from one living thing to the next

Front 67

food web

Back 67

a diagram showing several food chains linked together

Front 68

force

Back 68

a push or pull

Front 69

fossil fuel

Back 69

an energy resource that formed from the remains of plants or animals that died millions or years ago

Front 70

freezing

Back 70

the change from a liquid to a solid

Front 71

freezing point

Back 71

the temperature at which liquid freezes

Front 72

friction

Back 72

a force that acts between two objects that touch each other or rub together

Front 73

front

Back 73

a place where two different air masses meet

Front 74

full moon

Back 74

the phase of the moon that we see when the whole lit side of the moon faces toward Earth

Front 75

geologist

Back 75

a scientist who studies Earth and its history

Front 76

geothermal energy

Back 76

heat energy from inside Earth

Front 77

global warming

Back 77

the thought increase in the average temperature of Earth

Front 78

graduated cylinder

Back 78

a tool used to measure the volume of a liquid

Front 79

gravity

Back 79

a force that pulls all objects toward each other

Front 80

habitat

Back 80

the place where a living thing is found naturally

Front 81

hazard

Back 81

anything that can be dangerous

Front 82

heat

Back 82

thermal energy moving from one object or substance to another

Front 83

herbivore

Back 83

an animal that eats only plants

Front 84

hibernate

Back 84

to go into a sleep-like state during winter

Front 85

horizon

Back 85

the line where the sky and Earth’s surface seem to meet

Front 86

humus

Back 86

a dark material in soil, formed from the remains of living things

Front 87

hydroelectric energy

Back 87

the energy of moving water used to make electricity

Front 88

hypothesis

Back 88

a possible answer to a scientific question

Front 89

incomplete metamorphosis

Back 89

the partial change of form that some insects go through as they become adults

Front 90

inference

Back 90

an explanation of something observed, based on knowledge

Front 91

inherited trait

Back 91

a characteristic that a living thing gets from its parents

Front 92

insulator

Back 92

a material that blocks the flow of electricity or heat

Front 93

investigation

Back 93

a careful study of something to answer a question about it

Front 94

landform

Back 94

a feature of Earth’s surface

Front 95

landslide

Back 95

The sudden movement of rocks and soil down the side of a hill

Front 96

larva

Back 96

the early, immature stage in the life cycle of some animals

Front 97

lava

Back 97

Melted rock on Earth’s surface

Front 98

learned behavior

Back 98

A skill that an animal develops after it is born

Front 99

length

Back 99

A measure of how long something is, or the distance between two points

Front 100

lens

Back 100

an object used to refract light

Front 101

life cycle

Back 101

All the stages of a living thing from the beginning of life to death

Front 102

light energy

Back 102

Energy that we can see

Front 103

liquid

Back 103

Matter that has a fixed volume but not a fixed shape

Front 104

load

Back 104

Any device that uses electricity

Front 105

logical reasoning

Back 105

a way of thinking that reviews information to draw conclusions

Front 106

magnet

Back 106

A metal object that can pull certain other metal objects toward itself

Front 107

magnetic field

Back 107

The area around a magnet where it can pull or push

Front 108

magnetism

Back 108

The attraction of magnets to objects that contain certain metals, such as iron

Front 109

map

Back 109

a type of illustration used to display locations

Front 110

mass

Back 110

The amount of matter that makes up an object

Front 111

matter

Back 111

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Front 112

mechanical energy

Back 112

The energy of moving objects

Front 113

medium

Back 113

A material through which light travels

Front 114

melting

Back 114

The change from a solid to a liquid

Front 115

metamorphosis

Back 115

The change in form that some animals go through as they become adults

Front 116

meteorologist

Back 116

A scientist who studies weather

Front 117

microscope

Back 117

a tool used to observe very small objects

Front 118

migrate

Back 118

To move from one place to another in a pattern

Front 119

mirror

Back 119

An object with a very smooth surface that forms images by reflecting light

Front 120

mineral

Back 120

nonliving natural materials with a regular structure, including metals, metal ores, and some kinds of rocks

Front 121

mixture

Back 121

Matter made up of two or more substances, each of which keeps its own properties

Front 122

model

Back 122

Something that represents a real object, event, or process

Front 123

moon

Back 123

A natural object that moves in an orbit around a planet

Front 124

motion

Back 124

A change in position over time

Front 125

natural resource

Back 125

Anything found in nature that is useful to people

Front 126

new moon

Back 126

The phase of the moon that we see when the whole lit side of the moon faces away from Earth

Front 127

Newton

Back 127

(Isaac Newton 1642

Front 128

niche

Back 128

the role an organism has in its ecosystem

Front 129

nonrenewable resource

Back 129

A natural resource that cannot be replaced easily

Front 130

observation

Back 130

information gathered with the senses

Front 131

omnivore

Back 131

an animal that eats both plants and animals

Front 132

open circuit

Back 132

an incomplete path for the flow of electricity

Front 133

orbit

Back 133

the curved path that a planet or other space body follows as it moves around another body in space

Front 134

organism

Back 134

a complete, individual living thing

Front 135

paleontologist

Back 135

a scientist who studies fossils

Front 136

pan balance

Back 136

a tool used to measure mass

Front 137

pattern

Back 137

a trend, or a change that repeats itself

Front 138

phases

Back 138

the different shapes of the lit half of the moon as seen from Earth during the lunar cycle

Front 139

photosynthesis

Back 139

the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use energy from sunlight to make their own food (change carbon dioxide and water into sugar and oxygen)

Front 140

physical property

Back 140

a feature of an object or substance that can be observed directly or measured with a tool

Front 141

planet

Back 141

a large round body in space that moves around a star

Front 142

pollution

Back 142

the release of harmful substances into the air, water, or soil

Front 143

population

Back 143

a group of organisms of the same kind that live in an ecosystem

Front 144

position

Back 144

the place where an object is located

Front 145

precaution

Back 145

something that is done to prevent an accident

Front 146

precipitation

Back 146

water that falls from the atmosphere as rain, snow, hail, or sleet

Front 147

predator

Back 147

an animal that hunts other animals for food

Front 148

prediction

Back 148

a statement about what is likely to happen in the future

Front 149

prey

Back 149

an animal that is hunted by other animals

Front 150

prism

Back 150

a clear, or see-through, object that separates white light into all the colors of the rainbow

Front 151

producer

Back 151

an organism that makes its own food by photosynthesis

Front 152

pupa

Back 152

a stage in metamorphosis when the organism is changing from larva to adult

Front 153

quarter moon

Back 153

the phase of the moon in which we see half of the lit side of the moon

Front 154

rain gauge

Back 154

a tool used to measure the amount of rain that falls

Front 155

recycling

Back 155

processing used materials to make new products, or to reuse materials

Front 156

refraction

Back 156

the bending of light that occurs when light passes from one material into another

Front 157

renewable resource

Back 157

a natural resource that can be replaced as it is used

Front 158

repel

Back 158

to push away

Front 159

resistance

Back 159

a physical property that opposes the flow of electric current

Front 160

resource

Back 160

any material that an organism needs for survival and obtains from its habitat

Front 161

reproduce

Back 161

to make new living things of the same kind

Front 162

revolve

Back 162

to move in a path around another space body, such as the sun

Front 163

revolution

Back 163

the movement of one object around another

Front 164

rotate

Back 164

to spin on an axis

Front 165

rotation

Back 165

the turning or spinning of an object around a central line, or axis

Front 166

runoff

Back 166

water that flows over the surface of the ground

Front 167

scale model

Back 167

shows an object at an exact fraction of its actual size

Front 168

scavenger

Back 168

an animal that feeds on the dead bodies of other animals

Front 169

scientific method

Back 169

a collection of steps used to explore questions and investigate the natural world

Front 170

scientific process

Back 170

see scientific method repeat

Front 171

sediment

Back 171

material that is eroded and deposited

Front 172

sedimentary rock

Back 172

rock that forms from layers of sediment that are compacted and cemented together

Front 173

shadow

Back 173

a dark area that forms when an object blocks light

Front 174

soil

Back 174

the thin layer of material on Earth’s surface in which plants can grow

Front 175

solar energy

Back 175

energy from the sun

Front 176

solar system

Back 176

the sun and all the planets and other objects that move around it

Front 177

solid

Back 177

matter that has a fixed volume and a fixed shape

Front 178

solution

Back 178

a mixture in which one substance dissolves in another

Front 179

sound energy

Back 179

energy that we can hear

Front 180

sound wave

Back 180

an alternating area of high and low air pressure that transmits energy through a medium, such as a solid, liquid, or gas

Front 181

speed

Back 181

a measure of how far an object moves in a certain amount of time

Front 182

species

Back 182

a group of one type of organism that can mate and produce fertile offspring

Front 183

spring scale

Back 183

a tool for measuring weight

Front 184

star

Back 184

a huge ball of hot gases that gives off its own light

Front 185

state_of_matter

Back 185

the form that matter has, such as solid, liquid, or gas

Front 186

static electricity

Back 186

a buildup of charge within an object that occurs when there are unequal positive and negative electric charges within a material

Front 187

sunrise

Back 187

the time of day when the sun appears to come up over the horizon

Front 188

sunset

Back 188

the time of day when the sun appears to fall below the horizon

Front 189

support

Back 189

to provide evidence in favor of something or helps one prove their inference.

Front 190

survive

Back 190

to stay alive

Front 191

system

Back 191

a group of parts that work together

Front 192

symmetry

Back 192

the sameness of form in the halves of an object

Front 193

table

Back 193

an arrangement used to display a large amount of information

Front 194

temperature

Back 194

a measure of how warm something

Front 195

testable

Back 195

able to be observed and measured

Front 196

theory

Back 196

an explanation of why something happens in nature

Front 197

thermal energy

Back 197

the energy of the moving particles that make up all matter

Front 198

time

Back 198

a period that can be measured using a stopwatch, clock, and sometimes calendar

Front 199

trait

Back 199

a quality or characteristic of a living thing

Front 200

trial

Back 200

a single completed investigation

Front 201

triple beam balance

Back 201

a tool used to measure mass

Front 202

validity

Back 202

truthfulness

Front 203

variable

Back 203

anything that can change, or the characteristic that is tested in an experiment

Front 204

variation

Back 204

differences in members of a species due to inherited traits

Front 205

vibration

Back 205

the back-and-forth movement of an object

Front 206

volume

Back 206

the measurable amount of space any substance fills

Front 207

volcano

Back 207

an opening in Earth’s surface through which hot, melted rock and gases escape

Front 208

waning

Back 208

getting smaller, as in the lit part of the moon we see from Earth

Front 209

water cycle

Back 209

the movement of water between Earth’s surface and atmosphere

Front 210

waxing

Back 210

getting bigger, as in the lit part of the moon we see from Earth

Front 211

weather

Back 211

the condition of the atmosphere at a certain time and place

Front 212

weathering

Back 212

a process of the breaking down of rock into smaller pieces

Front 213

weight

Back 213

a measure of the pull of gravity on an object

Front 214

wind energy

Back 214

the energy of moving air

Front 215

wind vane

Back 215

a tool used to show wind direction