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110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Congenital absence of normal pigmentation or coloration in a person, an animal, or a plant.
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Albinism
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Collagen; Cranium
Dermis; Endoskeleton Epithelium; Exoskeleton Gravotropism; Hypodermis Invertebrate; Joint Keritinization; Ligament Melanin; Organ System; Tendon Tissue; Vertebrate Epidermis; Chitin Cartilage; Bone marrow Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Albinism; Osteocyte Receptor; Sebaceous gland Sinoatrial node Sinovial Fluid; Symbiosis |
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The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it.
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Appendicular Skeleton
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Collagen; Cranium
Dermis; Endoskeleton Epithelium; Exoskeleton Gravotropism; Hypodermis Invertebrate; Joint Keritinization; Ligament Melanin; Organ System; Tendon Tissue; Vertebrate Epidermis; Chitin Cartilage; Bone marrow Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Albinism; Osteocyte Receptor; Sebaceous gland Sinoatrial node Sinovial Fluid; Symbiosis |
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The portion of the skeleton that supports and protects the head, neck, and trunk.
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Axial Skeleton
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Collagen; Cranium
Dermis; Endoskeleton Epithelium; Exoskeleton Gravotropism; Hypodermis Invertebrate; Joint Keritinization; Ligament Melanin; Organ System; Tendon Tissue; Vertebrate Epidermis; Chitin Cartilage; Bone marrow Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Albinism; Osteocyte Receptor; Sebaceous gland Sinoatrial node Sinovial Fluid; Symbiosis |
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The substance inside your bones.
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Bone marrow
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Collagen; Cranium
Dermis; Endoskeleton Epithelium; Exoskeleton Gravotropism; Hypodermis Invertebrate; Joint Keritinization; Ligament Melanin; Organ System; Tendon Tissue; Vertebrate Epidermis; Chitin Cartilage; Bone marrow Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Albinism; Osteocyte Receptor; Sebaceous gland Sinoatrial node Sinovial Fluid; Symbiosis |
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A tough, elastic, substance that covers the ends of bones where they meet at joints.
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Cartilage
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Collagen; Cranium
Dermis; Endoskeleton Epithelium; Exoskeleton Gravotropism; Hypodermis Invertebrate; Joint Keritinization; Ligament Melanin; Organ System; Tendon Tissue; Vertebrate Epidermis; Chitin Cartilage; Bone marrow Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Albinism; Osteocyte Receptor; Sebaceous gland Sinoatrial node Sinovial Fluid; Symbiosis |
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A chemical which has the useful property of being both tough and flexible
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Chitin
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Collagen; Cranium
Dermis; Endoskeleton Epithelium; Exoskeleton Gravotropism; Hypodermis Invertebrate; Joint Keritinization; Ligament Melanin; Organ System; Tendon Tissue; Vertebrate Epidermis; Chitin Cartilage; Bone marrow Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Albinism; Osteocyte Receptor; Sebaceous gland Sinoatrial node Sinovial Fluid; Symbiosis |
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A flexible, rubbery substance that belongs to a class of chemicals known as proteins.
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Collagen
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Collagen; Cranium
Dermis; Endoskeleton Epithelium; Exoskeleton Gravotropism; Hypodermis Invertebrate; Joint Keritinization; Ligament Melanin; Organ System; Tendon Tissue; Vertebrate Epidermis; Chitin Cartilage; Bone marrow Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Albinism; Osteocyte Receptor; Sebaceous gland Sinoatrial node Sinovial Fluid; Symbiosis |
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The portion of the skeleton enclosing the brain; the braincase.
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Cranium
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Collagen; Cranium
Dermis; Endoskeleton Epithelium; Exoskeleton Gravotropism; Hypodermis Invertebrate; Joint Keritinization; Ligament Melanin; Organ System; Tendon Tissue; Vertebrate Epidermis; Chitin Cartilage; Bone marrow Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Albinism; Osteocyte Receptor; Sebaceous gland Sinoatrial node Sinovial Fluid; Symbiosis |
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The sensitive connective tissue layer of the skin located below the epidermis, containing nerve endings, sweat and sebaceous glands, and blood and lymph vessels.
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Dermis
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Collagen; Cranium
Dermis; Endoskeleton Epithelium; Exoskeleton Gravotropism; Hypodermis Invertebrate; Joint Keritinization; Ligament Melanin; Organ System; Tendon Tissue; Vertebrate Epidermis; Chitin Cartilage; Bone marrow Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Albinism; Osteocyte Receptor; Sebaceous gland Sinoatrial node Sinovial Fluid; Symbiosis |
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An internal supporting skeleton, that is found in vertebrates and certain invertebrates.
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Endoskeleton
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Collagen; Cranium
Dermis; Endoskeleton Epithelium; Exoskeleton Gravotropism; Hypodermis Invertebrate; Joint Keritinization; Ligament Melanin; Organ System; Tendon Tissue; Vertebrate Epidermis; Chitin Cartilage; Bone marrow Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Albinism; Osteocyte Receptor; Sebaceous gland Sinoatrial node Sinovial Fluid; Symbiosis |
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The outer, protective, nonvascular layer of the skin of vertebrates, covering the dermis.
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Epidermis
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Collagen; Cranium
Dermis; Endoskeleton Epithelium; Exoskeleton Gravotropism; Hypodermis Invertebrate; Joint Keritinization; Ligament Melanin; Organ System; Tendon Tissue; Vertebrate Epidermis; Chitin Cartilage; Bone marrow Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Albinism; Osteocyte Receptor; Sebaceous gland Sinoatrial node Sinovial Fluid; Symbiosis |
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Membranous tissue composed of one or more layers of cells separated by very little intercellular substance and forming the covering of most internal and external surfaces of the body and its organs.
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Epithelium
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Collagen; Cranium
Dermis; Endoskeleton Epithelium; Exoskeleton Gravotropism; Hypodermis Invertebrate; Joint Keritinization; Ligament Melanin; Organ System; Tendon Tissue; Vertebrate Epidermis; Chitin Cartilage; Bone marrow Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Albinism; Osteocyte Receptor; Sebaceous gland Sinoatrial node Sinovial Fluid; Symbiosis |
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A body covering, typically made of a tough, flexible substance called chitin, that provides support and protection.
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Exoskeleton
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Collagen; Cranium
Dermis; Endoskeleton Epithelium; Exoskeleton Gravotropism; Hypodermis Invertebrate; Joint Keritinization; Ligament Melanin; Organ System; Tendon Tissue; Vertebrate Epidermis; Chitin Cartilage; Bone marrow Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Albinism; Osteocyte Receptor; Sebaceous gland Sinoatrial node Sinovial Fluid; Symbiosis |
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The tendency for a plant to sense which is "up" and to grow that way.
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Gravotropism
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Collagen; Cranium
Dermis; Endoskeleton Epithelium; Exoskeleton Gravotropism; Hypodermis Invertebrate; Joint Keritinization; Ligament Melanin; Organ System; Tendon Tissue; Vertebrate Epidermis; Chitin Cartilage; Bone marrow Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Albinism; Osteocyte Receptor; Sebaceous gland Sinoatrial node Sinovial Fluid; Symbiosis |
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A subcutaneous layer of loose connective tissue containing a varying number of fat cells.
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Hypodermis
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Collagen; Cranium
Dermis; Endoskeleton Epithelium; Exoskeleton Gravotropism; Hypodermis Invertebrate; Joint Keritinization; Ligament Melanin; Organ System; Tendon Tissue; Vertebrate Epidermis; Chitin Cartilage; Bone marrow Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Albinism; Osteocyte Receptor; Sebaceous gland Sinoatrial node Sinovial Fluid; Symbiosis |
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Lacking a backbone or spinal column; not vertebrate.
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Invertebrate
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Collagen; Cranium
Dermis; Endoskeleton Epithelium; Exoskeleton Gravotropism; Hypodermis Invertebrate; Joint Keritinization; Ligament Melanin; Organ System; Tendon Tissue; Vertebrate Epidermis; Chitin Cartilage; Bone marrow Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Albinism; Osteocyte Receptor; Sebaceous gland Sinoatrial node Sinovial Fluid; Symbiosis |
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A point of articulation between two or more bones, expecially such a connection that allows motion.
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Joint
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Collagen; Cranium
Dermis; Endoskeleton Epithelium; Exoskeleton Gravotropism; Hypodermis Invertebrate; Joint Keritinization; Ligament Melanin; Organ System; Tendon Tissue; Vertebrate Epidermis; Chitin Cartilage; Bone marrow Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Albinism; Osteocyte Receptor; Sebaceous gland Sinoatrial node Sinovial Fluid; Symbiosis |
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The process whereby your skin cells harden to form the uppermost layer of skin, your hair, and nails.
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Keritinization
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Collagen; Cranium
Dermis; Endoskeleton Epithelium; Exoskeleton Gravotropism; Hypodermis Invertebrate; Joint Keritinization; Ligament Melanin; Organ System; Tendon Tissue; Vertebrate Epidermis; Chitin Cartilage; Bone marrow Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Albinism; Osteocyte Receptor; Sebaceous gland Sinoatrial node Sinovial Fluid; Symbiosis |
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A sheet or band of tough, fibrous tissue connecting bones or cartilages at a joint or supporting an organ.
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Ligament
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Collagen; Cranium
Dermis; Endoskeleton Epithelium; Exoskeleton Gravotropism; Hypodermis Invertebrate; Joint Keritinization; Ligament Melanin; Organ System; Tendon Tissue; Vertebrate Epidermis; Chitin Cartilage; Bone marrow Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Albinism; Osteocyte Receptor; Sebaceous gland Sinoatrial node Sinovial Fluid; Symbiosis |
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A group of naturally occurring dark pigments, expecially the pigment found in skin, hair, fur, and feathers.
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Melanin
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Collagen; Cranium
Dermis; Endoskeleton Epithelium; Exoskeleton Gravotropism; Hypodermis Invertebrate; Joint Keritinization; Ligament Melanin; Organ System; Tendon Tissue; Vertebrate Epidermis; Chitin Cartilage; Bone marrow Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Albinism; Osteocyte Receptor; Sebaceous gland Sinoatrial node Sinovial Fluid; Symbiosis |
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A specific part of an organism, such as an eye, a wing, or a leaf, that performs a specific function.
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Organ
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Collagen; Cranium
Dermis; Endoskeleton Epithelium; Exoskeleton Gravotropism; Hypodermis Invertebrate; Joint Keritinization; Ligament Melanin; Organ System; Tendon Tissue; Vertebrate Epidermis; Chitin Cartilage; Bone marrow Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Albinism; Osteocyte Receptor; Sebaceous gland Sinoatrial node Sinovial Fluid; Symbiosis |
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A branched cell that makes bone tissue.
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Osteocyte
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Collagen; Cranium
Dermis; Endoskeleton Epithelium; Exoskeleton Gravotropism; Hypodermis Invertebrate; Joint Keritinization; Ligament Melanin; Organ System; Tendon Tissue; Vertebrate Epidermis; Chitin Cartilage; Bone marrow Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Albinism; Osteocyte Receptor; Sebaceous gland Sinoatrial node Sinovial Fluid; Symbiosis |
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A special cell or group of nerve endings that responds to a signal or stimulus. -Physicology
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Receptor
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Collagen; Cranium
Dermis; Endoskeleton Epithelium; Exoskeleton Gravotropism; Hypodermis Invertebrate; Joint Keritinization; Ligament Melanin; Organ System; Tendon Tissue; Vertebrate Epidermis; Chitin Cartilage; Bone marrow Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Albinism; Osteocyte Receptor; Sebaceous gland Sinoatrial node Sinovial Fluid; Symbiosis |
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Glands in the dermis of the skin that open into a hair follicle and produce and secrete oil.
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Sebaceous gland
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Collagen; Cranium
Dermis; Endoskeleton Epithelium; Exoskeleton Gravotropism; Hypodermis Invertebrate; Joint Keritinization; Ligament Melanin; Organ System; Tendon Tissue; Vertebrate Epidermis; Chitin Cartilage; Bone marrow Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Albinism; Osteocyte Receptor; Sebaceous gland Sinoatrial node Sinovial Fluid; Symbiosis |
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A small patch of special cells in the wall of the heart that controls the rate of contractions.
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Sinoatrial node
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Collagen; Cranium
Dermis; Endoskeleton Epithelium; Exoskeleton Gravotropism; Hypodermis Invertebrate; Joint Keritinization; Ligament Melanin; Organ System; Tendon Tissue; Vertebrate Epidermis; Chitin Cartilage; Bone marrow Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Albinism; Osteocyte Receptor; Sebaceous gland Sinoatrial node Sinovial Fluid; Symbiosis |
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A clear fluid secreted within joint cavities to provide for smooth movement.
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Sinovial Fluid
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Collagen; Cranium
Dermis; Endoskeleton Epithelium; Exoskeleton Gravotropism; Hypodermis Invertebrate; Joint Keritinization; Ligament Melanin; Organ System; Tendon Tissue; Vertebrate Epidermis; Chitin Cartilage; Bone marrow Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Albinism; Osteocyte Receptor; Sebaceous gland Sinoatrial node Sinovial Fluid; Symbiosis |
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Two or more different organisms living together so that each benefits from the other.
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Symbiosis
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Collagen; Cranium
Dermis; Endoskeleton Epithelium; Exoskeleton Gravotropism; Hypodermis Invertebrate; Joint Keritinization; Ligament Melanin; Organ System; Tendon Tissue; Vertebrate Epidermis; Chitin Cartilage; Bone marrow Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Albinism; Osteocyte Receptor; Sebaceous gland Sinoatrial node Sinovial Fluid; Symbiosis |
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A group of physiologically or anatomically complementary organs or parts
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System
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Collagen; Cranium
Dermis; Endoskeleton Epithelium; Exoskeleton Gravotropism; Hypodermis Invertebrate; Joint Keritinization; Ligament Melanin; Organ System; Tendon Tissue; Vertebrate Epidermis; Chitin Cartilage; Bone marrow Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Albinism; Osteocyte Receptor; Sebaceous gland Sinoatrial node Sinovial Fluid; Symbiosis |
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A band of tough, inelastic tissue that connects a muscle to a bone.
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Tendon
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Collagen; Cranium
Dermis; Endoskeleton Epithelium; Exoskeleton Gravotropism; Hypodermis Invertebrate; Joint Keritinization; Ligament Melanin; Organ System; Tendon Tissue; Vertebrate Epidermis; Chitin Cartilage; Bone marrow Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Albinism; Osteocyte Receptor; Sebaceous gland Sinoatrial node Sinovial Fluid; Symbiosis |
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A collection of similar cells that act together to perform one or more specific functions in the body.
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Tissue
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Collagen; Cranium
Dermis; Endoskeleton Epithelium; Exoskeleton Gravotropism; Hypodermis Invertebrate; Joint Keritinization; Ligament Melanin; Organ System; Tendon Tissue; Vertebrate Epidermis; Chitin Cartilage; Bone marrow Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Albinism; Osteocyte Receptor; Sebaceous gland Sinoatrial node Sinovial Fluid; Symbiosis |
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Having a backbone or spinal column.
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Vertebrate
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Collagen; Cranium
Dermis; Endoskeleton Epithelium; Exoskeleton Gravotropism; Hypodermis Invertebrate; Joint Keritinization; Ligament Melanin; Organ System; Tendon Tissue; Vertebrate Epidermis; Chitin Cartilage; Bone marrow Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Albinism; Osteocyte Receptor; Sebaceous gland Sinoatrial node Sinovial Fluid; Symbiosis |
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Example of a cell:
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blood, nerve (called neurons), epithelial
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Example of a tissue:
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Muscle, bone
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Example of an organ:
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heart, lung, liver
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Example of a system:
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respiratory, circulatory
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Muscular System provides:
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support and movement
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Your skeletal muscles are _________
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voluntary
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involuntary/voluntary
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Cardiac muscles are ________
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involuntary
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involuntary/voluntary
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Cardiac muscles are only found where?
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in the heart
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Example of where smooth muscles are found
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posible answers include: digestive tract, blood vessles (use smooth muscles)
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Smooth muscles are _________
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involuntary
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involuntary/voluntary
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What are four things about bones?
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1 very light
2 very strong 3 constantly growing 4 able to repair themselves |
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What are bone cells called?
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Osteocytes
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Hint for remembering - cyte means "cell"
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Bone matrix is produced by the _______
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osteocytes
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The bone matrix includes:
__a____ which gives strengh and rigidity ___b___ that is essentially ___c___ gives the bone flexibility |
a= minerals (calcium)
b= colagen c= protein |
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Where is bone marrow found
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where red blood cells are produced.
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What does bone marrow produce?
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red blood cells
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must be important. Dr. Arion bolded it on her handout
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What are the 2 types of bone?
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1 backbone
2 spongy bone |
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Bones have a rich supply of what?
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blood vessels
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How many bones are in the human adult?
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206
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this is just a "interesting bone fact" may or may not have to know this.
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Where is the smallest bone found?
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the middle of the ear
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this is just a "interesting bone fact" may or may not have to know this.
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What is the largest bone?
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Femur (25% of your height!)
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this is just a "interesting bone fact" may or may not have to know this.
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What is your "skull" called?
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Cranium
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this is just a "interesting bone fact" may or may not have to know this.
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How many bones does the cranium have?
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29
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this is just a "interesting bone fact" may or may not have to know this.
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Don't forget to learn the bones of the human skeleton!
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Take this time to learn them.
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Name the 4 types of joints found in the Human Body
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1 Hinge
2 Ball and Socket 3 Saddle 4 Washer |
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Where are hinge joints found?
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the knee and elbow
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Motion is fairly _____ with the hinge joint.
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limited
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because motion is limited with the hinge joints, they are considered _________
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more stable
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more/less stable
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Ball and Socket joints allow for a larger _________
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range of motion
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Where are ball and socket joints found?
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The hip and shoulder
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ball and socket joints are considered _______
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Less stable
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more/less stable
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Sadle Joints are between the _____ and ________ joints in range of motion.
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hinge
ball and socket |
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Where are Saddle Joints found?
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ankle and wrist
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Where are Washer Joints found?
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the vertebral column
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Range of motion is ________ in individual vertebra. However, together the range of motion is ________
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limited
greater |
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Because the joints do not cause motion on their own, the ________ do the motion.
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muscles
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"Joint facts"
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What are the joints covered with to allow them to slide over each other?
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Cartilage
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"Joint facts"
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Cartilage also provides what?
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Shock absorbance
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"Joint facts"
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What do we call the fluid present in the joints?
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Sinovial fluid
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"Joint facts"
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What holds bones together?
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ligaments
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"Joint facts"
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All creatures with backbones are called what?
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Vertebrates
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"more facts" [about joints]
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What do we call creatures without backbones?
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Invertebrates
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"more facts" [about joints]
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All of your bones make up your what __________
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endoskeleton
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"more facts" [about joints]
-endo/exo skeleton |
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What do we call a skeleton that is on the outside of the organism?
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exoskeleton
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"more facts" [about joints]
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We can divide your skeleton into what 2 parts?
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1 Axial Skeleton (cranium, vertebrae, ribs)
2 Appendicular (the rest) |
"more facts" [about joints]
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What kind of skeleton do invertebrates usually have?
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exoskeleton
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The exoskeleton of anthropods is usually made of what substance?
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Chitin combined with minerals
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Most vertebrates are (similar/different) to humans
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similar
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Name the three kinds of muscles
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1 Skeletal
2 Smooth 3 Cardiac |
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Skeletal muscles (do/don't) attach directly to the bones
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don't
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The special attachment of muscle to bone is called what?
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a tendon
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Skeletal muscles work together with what to allow movement?
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joints
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How do smooth muscles differ from skeletal muscles?
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1 Do not have a "straited" appearance
2 Do not attach to bones 3 Cells form layers 4 Are found within organs and help make them work |
3 may be unnecessary
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What is a good example of a smooth muscle?
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A:"Digestive tract" - Extra info/why this is true: you do not decide to move food through your digestive system
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Smooth muscles are _______.
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involuntary
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voluntary/involuntary
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What are smooth muscles controlled by?
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nerves
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Cardiac muscles are __________.
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involuntary
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voluntary/involuntary
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When do the Cardiac Muscle cells look different?
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Microscopically
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Not sure how this is the answer, but it's whay I put on my handout. The orriginal question began with "how"
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Where is the Cardiac Muscle found?
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in the heart
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How is the Cardiac Muscle controlled?
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CNS, Sinoatrial Node (pace maker)
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two things
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What are the two nodes found in the heart?
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1 Sinoatrial
2 Atrioventricular |
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members of Kingdom Monera and Protista (do/do not) have muscles. How do they move?
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do not
Flagella and Cilia |
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Members of Fungi do or do not have muscles
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do not
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members of Kingdom Plantae (do/do not) have muscles. How do they move?
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do not
phototropism gravotropism |
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What is your Epithelium?
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your skin
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Your epithelium covers and protects the body both ________ and _______
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inside and outside
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can be compared to a house's walls - memory trick
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Your skin is how much of your body's tissue
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2/3
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probably unimportant
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Your skin is the _______ sensory organ of the body
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main
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largest/smallest
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Your Epidermis has how many layers?
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2
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What are the Epidermis layers?
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1 Dead layer - called keratin
2 Living layer - constantly reproducing |
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What is Dermis made of?
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fibrous connective tissue
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The Hypodermis is the ________
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insulating fat layer
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What are the 4 functions of Epithelium?
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1 separation between two spaces
2 transport of gasses and nutrients 3 protective 4 production of secretory products -glandular |
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What are the 5 structures within the skin
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1 hair
2 hair follicle 3 sebaceous glands 4 sweat glands 5 receptors |
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name four kinds of receptors
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1 touch
2 pressure 3 temperature 4 pain |
all "feelings"
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What does Symbiosis mean?
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two or more organisms living together so that each benefits from the other.
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where is Melanin found and what is it?
|
found in the skin
it is a pigment |
"More skin terms"
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What is albinism?
|
A congenital absence of normal pigmentation or coloration in a person, an animal, or a plant
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"More skin terms"
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Give an example of what would be effected by Melanin.
|
Possible answers include your hair color and your eye color
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