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186 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Artery
a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body
Atrium/Atria (heart)
upper changed in the heart that blood enters
Axon
the extension of a nerve cell
Bile
a yellowish green fluid produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder
Capillary
narrow thing-walled blood vessel that connects small ateries arterioles with small veins venules
Cell (animal and plant)
the basic unit of life
Cell membrane
‘controlled gateway’ a semi permeable membrane that is on a animal cell that allows some liquids to pass, but some not
Cell wall
‘frame’ a block on a plant cell that does not allow anything to pass, holds the frame of the cell
Cellular respiration
is a process by which cells harvest the energy stored in food
Central Nervous System
your spin and your brain
Chemical digestion
salvia, when chemicals break down substances in your mouth
Chloroplast
‘solar panels’ are the structures in which photosynthesis takes place ( greenish structures found only in a plant cell )
Cilia
an organelle found in eukaryotic cells
Cytoplasm
the ‘kitchen’ distributes materials to different parts of the cell ( a liquid inside the cell, which has grainy
Dendrite
the braches that ‘branch’ off of the neuron
Diffusion
when air particles move from an area of high concentration to low concentration
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms
Endoplasmic reticulum
‘Transportation System’ rough lined with ribosome’s, smooth not, Is the transport system of the cell and carries materials through out
Enzyme
are proteins that increase the rates of chemical reactions
Field of view
extent of the observable world that is seen at any given moment.
Golgi apparatus
‘warehouse’ stacks of flattened membranous stakes (look like pancakes). Temporarily stores protein which can leave the cell using the vesicles
Hormone
is a chemical released by a cell in one part of the body, that sends out messages that affect cells in other parts of the organism
Insulin
hormone that is central to regulating the energy and glucose metabolism in the body
Interneuron
chooses a motor neuron
Lysosome
‘Garbage disposal’ Small sac
Metabolism
chemical reactions that happen in living organisms to maintain life
Nervous System
an organ system containing a network of specialized cells called neurons that coordinate the actions of an animal and transmit signals between different parts of its body
Mitochondria
‘powerhouse’ chemical reactions occur that convert energy into useable forms ( small circular structure with little stringy bits inside )
Motor Neuron
stimulates the muscle to contract
Multicellular
cells that are complex
Neuron
cell type the nervous systems uses to communicate with the rest of the body
Nucleus
‘command center’ controls the cell’s activities ( a fairly large, dark, spherical structure that’s usually near the center of the cell )
Nutrients
a chemical that an organism needs to live and grow or a substance, used in metabolism
Organ
collection of tissues joined in structural unit to serve a common function
Organelle
parts within a cell that have a specific function
Osmosis
when water moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across a semi permeable membrane into and equilibrium is reached
Peristalsis
the wave like motion of how food passes down the trachea
Reflex
an involuntary (automatic) reaction to a stimulus
Respond
change because of problem
Ribosome
‘ factories’ Small particles which are found individually in the cytoplasm and in RER
Semi permeable membrane
membrane that will allow certain molecules to pass through it by diffusion
Sensory Neuron
detect a stimulus (hot object, sharp object, loud noise)
Somatic Nervous System
part of the Nervous System associated with the voluntary movements
Stimulus
an effect, sound or touch of the body that takes someone by surprise and causes a reflex
Tissue
group of biological cells that perform a similar function
Unicellular
single celled
Vacuole
‘storage room’ is a membrane
Valve
device that regulates the flow of fluids by opening and closing
Vein
a tissue. The blood is returned to your heart with them.
Ventricle
the pumping chambers of the heart
Villi
fingerlike things found in the body
Aqueous
a solution mixed in water
Archimedes Principle
the law of floating
Atom
the smallest portion into which element can be divided and still retain its properties
Buoyant force
the force to float, when liquids exert and equal the force of gravity
Colloid
a homogenous mixture where the particles are to spread out to see
Compound
a pure substance, two or more elements together
Density
a measure of mass / volume
Dilute
to make thinner by adding water to it, reduce the strength of
Electron
a negative energy, part of an atom
Element
a pure substance with only one set of characteristics
Emulsion
a suspension of one liquid in another (oil in water)
Fluid
a substance who’s molecules flow freely, has no fixed shape (liquid or gas)
Homogeneous
when all matter in a substance have the same appearance, but different characteristics
Heterogeneous
when all mater in a substance have different appearance
Hydraulic
a system enclosed with water
Liquid
a state of matter, the particles slide past each other easily, has a fixed volume but not a fixed shape
Matter
everything that exists on earth
Mechanical Mixture
a mixture where the different substances are easy to see
Mixture
when two or more substance are together
Neutron
a neutral energy, part of an atom
Proton
a positive energy, part of an atom
Pure Substance
a substance made up of only one kind of characteristics,
States of matter
Bose Einstein, solid, liquid, gas, plasma
Saturated solution
a solution with just the right amount of solute in it
Solute
the ‘powder’ of a drink, the substance being dissolved
Solubility
the maximum amount of solute you can add to a solvent
Solution
a homogeneous mixture, a mixture of two ore more pure substance (sometimes a pure substance)
Solvent
the ‘liquid’ of a drink, the substance doing the dissolving
Suspension
a heterogeneous mixture, a mixture that looks almost as one, but when left sitting tiny particles emerges
Super saturated solution
a solution with too much solute in it to handle, has to drop some
Unsaturated Solution
a solution with not enough solute in it
Viscosity
the resistance to flow (high viscosity, does not flow very fast)
Complex/Compound Machine
a machine made up of 2 or more simple machines
Compression
the result of the subjection of a material to compressive stress
Efficiency
how much energy is loss due to friction
Effort Arm
the arm that the force (effort) is pushed on
Energy
the ability to do work
Force
refers to a push or a pull. It is measured in Newtons (N)
Friction
the resistance of two forces rubbing together. Known as the opposing force.
Fulcrum
The fixed point, or point that doesn't move, on a lever
Gear
a wheel and axel with teeth around the outside
Gravity
the force that pulls us towards the earth
Hydraulic
a system enclosed by water
Incline/Decline Plane
A flat surface with one end higher than the other
Input force
also known as the effort force
Kinetic Energy
energy of motion
Lever (first, second, third class)
a bar that turns on a fulcrum
First Class Lever
L+F+E
Second Class Lever
F+L+E
Third Class Lever
L+E+F
Load Arm
the arm with the load (item) on it
Mass
how many atoms are on your body (measured on a scale)
Mechanical Advantage
of a machine is the amount by which a machine can multiply a force.
Newton
a unit of force.
Newton’s Laws
gravity
Pivot
move around a fixed surface
Potential Energy
energy that is stored (elastic band)
Pneumatic
a system that is enclosed with air
Pressure
measured in Pascal’s, 1m2/N
Pulley
wheels with grooves around them (lever family)
Fixed Pulley
when only the load moves
Moveable Pulley
when both the pulley and the load move
Compound Pulley
a moveable pulley and a fixed pulley together
Output Force
the load, mass of load
Rube Goldberg Machine
a cartoon drawing first created by Rube Goldberg that shows the events and outcomes of different simple machines working together, usually to achieve a small goal
Simple Machine
reduce the amount of work that we have to do
Speed/Gear ratio
how a machine affects speed (measured by ID/OD)
Spring Scale/Force Meter
used to measure the weight of something
Weight
how the force of gravity is affected you on earth (measured in N’s on a spring scale)
Wedge
to back to back inclined planes used to hold things (door) or cut things (Axe)
Wheel & Axel
lever that can rotate 3600
Work
work is done when a force acts on an object to make that object move
Condensation
tiny drops of water that form on a cold surface (form together
Diffusion
when air moves from an area of high concentration to low concentration
Distillation
a process used by science labs to purify water, it is where the solution is boiled to leave behind the solute (salts and minerals)
Dissolved oxygen
how much oxygen has dissolved in the water
Evaporation
when water goes up to the clouds
Glacier
a large body that is an ice mass that slowly moves
Erratic
when boulders are traveled a great place from their original place
Drumlin
hill shaped deposits
Moraine
any glacially formed accumulation of unconsolidated glacial debris (soil and rock) which can occur in currently glaciated and formerly glaciated regions
Kettle lake
a shallow, sediment
Eskers
long winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel, examples of which occur in glaciated and formerly glaciated regions of Europe and North America
High tide
when the moon is pulling the water towards it, this causes the water to rise
Low tide
when the moon is on opposite side and not pulling the tide toward it, the water is low
pH
a measure of how acidic something is
Reverse Osmosis
the opposite operation of osmosis, where the water goes from an area of low concentration to high concentration
Potable Water/ Drinking Water
water that has the quality for us as humans to drink (also we are able to carry it other places)
Salinity
a measurement of how much salt is in water (concentration in salt)
Tide
regular falling and rising bodies of water along the shore
Water cycle
the processes in how water ref
Water quality
the biological, physical and chemical properties of water that make it useful for what you want to use it for
Waves
movements on the surface water
Dissolved oxygen
how much oxygen has dissolved in the water
Evaporation
when water goes up to the clouds
Glacier
a large body that is an ice mass that slowly moves
Absorption
the uptake of liquid into the fibers of a substance
Amplitude
The height of a wave from the rest position to the crest (highest point)
Angle of incidence
The angle between the incident ray and the normal
Angle of reflection
The angle between the refracted ray and the normal
Bioluminescent
when living organisms produce their own light chemically
Chemiluminescent
emission of light as a result of a chemical reaction, without producing heat
Concave (mirror and lens)
curve inwards like a cave, strike at points called the focal point
Cones
detect color
Convex (mirror and lens)
surface the curves out,
Convergent
a coming together from different directions, especially a uniting or merging of groups or tendencies that were originally opposed or very different
Crest
Highest point of a wave
Diffraction
the bending or spreading out of waves
Diffuse
to spread something throughout something else
Divergent
following paths or courses that become increasingly different or separate
Eye
the organ of sight or light sensitivity in vertebrates, usually occurring in pairs
Incident Ray
The ray of light which travels through the incident,
Focal point
the point at which initially collimated rays of light meet after passing through a convex lens, or reflecting from a concave mirror.
Frequency
The number of times the medium vibrates in a given unit of time
Laser
a device that utilizes the ability of some substances to absorb electromagnetic energy and re
Law of Reflection
that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
Light
a form of energy (electromagnetic waves or photons) that travels in straight lines* from its source.
Light year and Speed of Light
9.5 x 1015 meters, 3.0 x 106 km
Luminous
emitting or reflecting light
Normal Line
A line perpendicular to the surface is imagined at the point of refraction.
Opaque
not see though at all
Photon
quantum of visible light or other form of electromagnetic radiation demonstrating both particle and wave properties
Phospholuminescence
Some objects/aniamls can store radiation and then emit it as phosphorescence. Glow in the dark items
Ray
the light is travelling in waves, but it is moving so fast we call it lines
Ray diagram
helps to see where an image is produced from a diagram
Reflection
is when light bounces off a surface
Refraction
means its going through something but bending in the process
Real image
are those where light actually converges
Reflected Ray
The ray of light which travels into the refracted
Rods
detect light
Transparent
totally see through
Translucent
lets in some light, but not all
Visible spectrum
the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to (can be detected by) the human eye
Virtual image
are locations from where light appears to have converged
Wavelength
the distance from the crest of one wave to the crest of the next