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186 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Artery
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a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body
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Atrium/Atria (heart)
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upper changed in the heart that blood enters
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Axon
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the extension of a nerve cell
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Bile
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a yellowish green fluid produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder
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Capillary
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narrow thing-walled blood vessel that connects small ateries arterioles with small veins venules
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Cell (animal and plant)
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the basic unit of life
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Cell membrane
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‘controlled gateway’ a semi permeable membrane that is on a animal cell that allows some liquids to pass, but some not
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Cell wall
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‘frame’ a block on a plant cell that does not allow anything to pass, holds the frame of the cell
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Cellular respiration
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is a process by which cells harvest the energy stored in food
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Central Nervous System
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your spin and your brain
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Chemical digestion
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salvia, when chemicals break down substances in your mouth
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Chloroplast
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‘solar panels’ are the structures in which photosynthesis takes place ( greenish structures found only in a plant cell )
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Cilia
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an organelle found in eukaryotic cells
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Cytoplasm
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the ‘kitchen’ distributes materials to different parts of the cell ( a liquid inside the cell, which has grainy
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Dendrite
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the braches that ‘branch’ off of the neuron
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Diffusion
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when air particles move from an area of high concentration to low concentration
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DNA
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Deoxyribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms
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Endoplasmic reticulum
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‘Transportation System’ rough lined with ribosome’s, smooth not, Is the transport system of the cell and carries materials through out
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Enzyme
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are proteins that increase the rates of chemical reactions
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Field of view
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extent of the observable world that is seen at any given moment.
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Golgi apparatus
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‘warehouse’ stacks of flattened membranous stakes (look like pancakes). Temporarily stores protein which can leave the cell using the vesicles
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Hormone
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is a chemical released by a cell in one part of the body, that sends out messages that affect cells in other parts of the organism
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Insulin
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hormone that is central to regulating the energy and glucose metabolism in the body
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Interneuron
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chooses a motor neuron
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Lysosome
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‘Garbage disposal’ Small sac
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Metabolism
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chemical reactions that happen in living organisms to maintain life
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Nervous System
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an organ system containing a network of specialized cells called neurons that coordinate the actions of an animal and transmit signals between different parts of its body
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Mitochondria
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‘powerhouse’ chemical reactions occur that convert energy into useable forms ( small circular structure with little stringy bits inside )
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Motor Neuron
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stimulates the muscle to contract
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Multicellular
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cells that are complex
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Neuron
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cell type the nervous systems uses to communicate with the rest of the body
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Nucleus
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‘command center’ controls the cell’s activities ( a fairly large, dark, spherical structure that’s usually near the center of the cell )
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Nutrients
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a chemical that an organism needs to live and grow or a substance, used in metabolism
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Organ
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collection of tissues joined in structural unit to serve a common function
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Organelle
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parts within a cell that have a specific function
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Osmosis
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when water moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across a semi permeable membrane into and equilibrium is reached
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Peristalsis
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the wave like motion of how food passes down the trachea
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Reflex
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an involuntary (automatic) reaction to a stimulus
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Respond
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change because of problem
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Ribosome
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‘ factories’ Small particles which are found individually in the cytoplasm and in RER
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Semi permeable membrane
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membrane that will allow certain molecules to pass through it by diffusion
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Sensory Neuron
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detect a stimulus (hot object, sharp object, loud noise)
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Somatic Nervous System
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part of the Nervous System associated with the voluntary movements
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Stimulus
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an effect, sound or touch of the body that takes someone by surprise and causes a reflex
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Tissue
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group of biological cells that perform a similar function
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Unicellular
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single celled
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Vacuole
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‘storage room’ is a membrane
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Valve
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device that regulates the flow of fluids by opening and closing
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Vein
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a tissue. The blood is returned to your heart with them.
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Ventricle
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the pumping chambers of the heart
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Villi
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fingerlike things found in the body
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Aqueous
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a solution mixed in water
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Archimedes Principle
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the law of floating
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Atom
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the smallest portion into which element can be divided and still retain its properties
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Buoyant force
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the force to float, when liquids exert and equal the force of gravity
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Colloid
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a homogenous mixture where the particles are to spread out to see
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Compound
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a pure substance, two or more elements together
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Density
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a measure of mass / volume
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Dilute
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to make thinner by adding water to it, reduce the strength of
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Electron
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a negative energy, part of an atom
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Element
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a pure substance with only one set of characteristics
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Emulsion
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a suspension of one liquid in another (oil in water)
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Fluid
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a substance who’s molecules flow freely, has no fixed shape (liquid or gas)
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Homogeneous
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when all matter in a substance have the same appearance, but different characteristics
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Heterogeneous
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when all mater in a substance have different appearance
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Hydraulic
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a system enclosed with water
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Liquid
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a state of matter, the particles slide past each other easily, has a fixed volume but not a fixed shape
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Matter
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everything that exists on earth
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Mechanical Mixture
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a mixture where the different substances are easy to see
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Mixture
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when two or more substance are together
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Neutron
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a neutral energy, part of an atom
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Proton
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a positive energy, part of an atom
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Pure Substance
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a substance made up of only one kind of characteristics,
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States of matter
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Bose Einstein, solid, liquid, gas, plasma
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Saturated solution
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a solution with just the right amount of solute in it
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Solute
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the ‘powder’ of a drink, the substance being dissolved
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Solubility
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the maximum amount of solute you can add to a solvent
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Solution
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a homogeneous mixture, a mixture of two ore more pure substance (sometimes a pure substance)
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Solvent
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the ‘liquid’ of a drink, the substance doing the dissolving
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Suspension
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a heterogeneous mixture, a mixture that looks almost as one, but when left sitting tiny particles emerges
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Super saturated solution
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a solution with too much solute in it to handle, has to drop some
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Unsaturated Solution
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a solution with not enough solute in it
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Viscosity
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the resistance to flow (high viscosity, does not flow very fast)
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Complex/Compound Machine
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a machine made up of 2 or more simple machines
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Compression
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the result of the subjection of a material to compressive stress
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Efficiency
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how much energy is loss due to friction
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Effort Arm
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the arm that the force (effort) is pushed on
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Energy
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the ability to do work
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Force
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refers to a push or a pull. It is measured in Newtons (N)
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Friction
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the resistance of two forces rubbing together. Known as the opposing force.
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Fulcrum
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The fixed point, or point that doesn't move, on a lever
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Gear
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a wheel and axel with teeth around the outside
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Gravity
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the force that pulls us towards the earth
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Hydraulic
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a system enclosed by water
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Incline/Decline Plane
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A flat surface with one end higher than the other
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Input force
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also known as the effort force
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Kinetic Energy
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energy of motion
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Lever (first, second, third class)
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a bar that turns on a fulcrum
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First Class Lever
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L+F+E
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Second Class Lever
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F+L+E
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Third Class Lever
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L+E+F
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Load Arm
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the arm with the load (item) on it
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Mass
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how many atoms are on your body (measured on a scale)
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Mechanical Advantage
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of a machine is the amount by which a machine can multiply a force.
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Newton
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a unit of force.
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Newton’s Laws
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gravity
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Pivot
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move around a fixed surface
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Potential Energy
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energy that is stored (elastic band)
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Pneumatic
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a system that is enclosed with air
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Pressure
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measured in Pascal’s, 1m2/N
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Pulley
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wheels with grooves around them (lever family)
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Fixed Pulley
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when only the load moves
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Moveable Pulley
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when both the pulley and the load move
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Compound Pulley
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a moveable pulley and a fixed pulley together
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Output Force
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the load, mass of load
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Rube Goldberg Machine
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a cartoon drawing first created by Rube Goldberg that shows the events and outcomes of different simple machines working together, usually to achieve a small goal
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Simple Machine
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reduce the amount of work that we have to do
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Speed/Gear ratio
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how a machine affects speed (measured by ID/OD)
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Spring Scale/Force Meter
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used to measure the weight of something
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Weight
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how the force of gravity is affected you on earth (measured in N’s on a spring scale)
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Wedge
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to back to back inclined planes used to hold things (door) or cut things (Axe)
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Wheel & Axel
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lever that can rotate 3600
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Work
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work is done when a force acts on an object to make that object move
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Condensation
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tiny drops of water that form on a cold surface (form together
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Diffusion
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when air moves from an area of high concentration to low concentration
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Distillation
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a process used by science labs to purify water, it is where the solution is boiled to leave behind the solute (salts and minerals)
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Dissolved oxygen
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how much oxygen has dissolved in the water
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Evaporation
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when water goes up to the clouds
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Glacier
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a large body that is an ice mass that slowly moves
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Erratic
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when boulders are traveled a great place from their original place
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Drumlin
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hill shaped deposits
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Moraine
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any glacially formed accumulation of unconsolidated glacial debris (soil and rock) which can occur in currently glaciated and formerly glaciated regions
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Kettle lake
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a shallow, sediment
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Eskers
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long winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel, examples of which occur in glaciated and formerly glaciated regions of Europe and North America
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High tide
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when the moon is pulling the water towards it, this causes the water to rise
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Low tide
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when the moon is on opposite side and not pulling the tide toward it, the water is low
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pH
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a measure of how acidic something is
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Reverse Osmosis
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the opposite operation of osmosis, where the water goes from an area of low concentration to high concentration
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Potable Water/ Drinking Water
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water that has the quality for us as humans to drink (also we are able to carry it other places)
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Salinity
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a measurement of how much salt is in water (concentration in salt)
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Tide
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regular falling and rising bodies of water along the shore
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Water cycle
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the processes in how water ref
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Water quality
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the biological, physical and chemical properties of water that make it useful for what you want to use it for
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Waves
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movements on the surface water
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Dissolved oxygen
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how much oxygen has dissolved in the water
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Evaporation
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when water goes up to the clouds
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Glacier
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a large body that is an ice mass that slowly moves
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Absorption
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the uptake of liquid into the fibers of a substance
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Amplitude
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The height of a wave from the rest position to the crest (highest point)
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Angle of incidence
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The angle between the incident ray and the normal
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Angle of reflection
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The angle between the refracted ray and the normal
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Bioluminescent
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when living organisms produce their own light chemically
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Chemiluminescent
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emission of light as a result of a chemical reaction, without producing heat
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Concave (mirror and lens)
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curve inwards like a cave, strike at points called the focal point
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Cones
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detect color
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Convex (mirror and lens)
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surface the curves out,
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Convergent
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a coming together from different directions, especially a uniting or merging of groups or tendencies that were originally opposed or very different
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Crest
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Highest point of a wave
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Diffraction
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the bending or spreading out of waves
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Diffuse
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to spread something throughout something else
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Divergent
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following paths or courses that become increasingly different or separate
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Eye
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the organ of sight or light sensitivity in vertebrates, usually occurring in pairs
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Incident Ray
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The ray of light which travels through the incident,
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Focal point
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the point at which initially collimated rays of light meet after passing through a convex lens, or reflecting from a concave mirror.
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Frequency
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The number of times the medium vibrates in a given unit of time
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Laser
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a device that utilizes the ability of some substances to absorb electromagnetic energy and re
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Law of Reflection
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that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
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Light
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a form of energy (electromagnetic waves or photons) that travels in straight lines* from its source.
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Light year and Speed of Light
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9.5 x 1015 meters, 3.0 x 106 km
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Luminous
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emitting or reflecting light
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Normal Line
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A line perpendicular to the surface is imagined at the point of refraction.
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Opaque
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not see though at all
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Photon
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quantum of visible light or other form of electromagnetic radiation demonstrating both particle and wave properties
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Phospholuminescence
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Some objects/aniamls can store radiation and then emit it as phosphorescence. Glow in the dark items
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Ray
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the light is travelling in waves, but it is moving so fast we call it lines
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Ray diagram
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helps to see where an image is produced from a diagram
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Reflection
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is when light bounces off a surface
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Refraction
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means its going through something but bending in the process
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Real image
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are those where light actually converges
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Reflected Ray
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The ray of light which travels into the refracted
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Rods
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detect light
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Transparent
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totally see through
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Translucent
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lets in some light, but not all
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Visible spectrum
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the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to (can be detected by) the human eye
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Virtual image
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are locations from where light appears to have converged
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Wavelength
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the distance from the crest of one wave to the crest of the next
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