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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Good system of measurement
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1. standard- system everyone agrees
2. precision- degree of refinement 3. accuracy- tool or instrument confirms to a standard |
3 rules
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metric system
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km, hm, dam, basic unit, dm, cm, mm
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king henry drank down chocolate milk
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scientific method
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1. Problem
2. Research 3. Hypothesis- educated guess or statement 4. Experiment- test hypothesis - Control- can’t control, independent (the thing that is being changed) - Variable- the thing that is being changed, dependent (changes as result of inde. variable) 5. Data/ Observation- a table and a graph included 6. Analyze- what went wrong, why did it worked, what could be changed 7. Conclusion, yes or no to hypothesis specific data for support |
steps of the scientific method
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Law
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Law- proven and accepted as true
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law of gravity
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Theory
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Theory- time tested predictable, explanation of event
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big bang theory
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Fact
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Fact- Something proved true or false
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i am 5'3
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Lab Rules
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no fooling around
no eating/drinking wear safety goggles don't clean up any spills or breaks |
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volume
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amount of space an object takes up
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matter
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substance that makes up all objects
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mass, unit?
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the amount of matter an object has
grams |
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density
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m/v how close matter is packed together in an object
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General Properties of Matter
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Mass, Volume, Density, and Weight
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Inertia? Newton's Law of Inertia?
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resistance to changes in motion
Objects in motion will stay in motion. Stationary objects will stay motionless untill acted upon by an outside force. |
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4 stages of matter? explain each one.
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solid- tightly packed, hardly any movement of molecules, definate shape and definate volume
liquid- particles more spread out, faster motion, no definate volume gases- particles spread out as far as they can go and very fast moving no shape no volume plasma- very high energy, found in stars |
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velocity
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resistence to flow
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science
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an organized knowledge about the universe that is used to make our lives better
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Law of conservation of matter
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matter can not be created and can not be destroyed
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chemical change
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take matter and change it into something new
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physical change
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change matter but no new substances are formed
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types of mixtures
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hetrogeneous and homogeneous
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hetrogeneous
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parts are large
easy to seperate easy to see "least mixed" |
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homogeneous
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parts are small
not easy to seperate not easy to see |
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types of homogeneous mixtures
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solution and colliod
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solution
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one substance that is dissolved into another substance
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alloy
solute solvent |
solution of metals
solute- thing being dissolved solvent- thing that is doing hte dissolving |
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colliod
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particles suspended but not dissolved, cloudy, scattered
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pure substance
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made up of one substance
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element
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smallest part of a pure substance
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atom
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smallest part of an element you can have and still have the properties of the element
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compound
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two or more things combined chemically
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rules of compounds
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1. amounts do matter
2.can be seperated 3. each part does not retian its own properties |
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molecule
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smallest part of a compound that still retains its properties
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all compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds
true/false |
true
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chemical symbols
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makes it easier to write elements
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chemical formula
3H2O |
3- coefficient tells you the number of the molecules
H- hydrogen 2-subscript tells you the number of attoms for the element O- oxygen |
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balanced equation
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you need the same amount of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation
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rules for balancing equations
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can not add or take away subscript
can add coefficients can't spilt a compound |
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three types of reactions
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synthesis, decompostion, replacement
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synthesis reaction
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combining things to form new things
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decompostion reaction
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single thing broken
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replacement reation
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one element replaces another
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reation rate
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how fast to react
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factors that effect reaction rate
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temperature
concentration surface area |
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exothermic reaction
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gives off heat
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endothermic reation
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heat is being absorbed
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Charle's Law
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increase the temp of gas
increase the volume of the gas |
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Boyle's Law
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increase pressure on the gas
decrease the volume of the gas |
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Indirect evidence
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information obtained about an object without actully seeing it or touching
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Democritus
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atom is the smallest piece of matter and made of the same material
an atom is always moving |
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Dalton
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gases combine as if made of tiny indiviual particles
elements composed of atoms |
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Thomson
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atom made up of particles
negatively charged particles had to include positively charged particles plum pudding negatively charged pudding positively charged plums scattered in the pudding |
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Rutherford
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positive repels positive
nucleus is the center of the atom (positively charged) negatively charged particles around the nucleus |
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Bohr Model
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electrons move in a definate orbit around the nucleus
energy levels are located in distances from the nucleus |
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Wave Model
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electrons do not move in a definate path
location of the electron can be decided on how much energy it has |
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Subatomic Particles
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particles are smaller than hte atom itself
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nucleus
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the center of the atom
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atoms are not alive
true/false |
true
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most of the mass of the atom located in the nucleus
true/false |
true
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Protons
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positively charged particles
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the number of neutrons determines what the element is
true/false |
false, the number of protons
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neutrons
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no charge
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atomic mass unit
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amu
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electrons
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negatively charged particles
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electrons in the first level have the most energy
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false
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Atomic Number
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# of protons
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Mass #
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sum of p+ and neutrons
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Electricity
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movement of electrons
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Static Electricity
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transfer of electrons from one place ot another
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current
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vibration of electrons within a wire
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electromagnetic force
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opposites attract
like repel this electrons from colliding |
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Strong Force
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strong enough to overcome electromagnetic force
keeps protons together limited range |
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weak force
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responsible for radioactive decay
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Gravity
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force of attention between everything
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Happy Atoms
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to make happy atoms the atoms have to have complete outer energy levels
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energy levels
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1- 2 electrons
2- 8 4- 18 |
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3 ways to make Atoms happy
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share electrons
take electrons give up electrons |
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Covalent Bond
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atoms join together by sharing electrons
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Valence Electrons
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the elctrons in the outer level
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Ionic Bond
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joining of atoms by gaining or losing electrons
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ion
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charged particle
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cation
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positive particle
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anion
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negative particle
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Energy
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the ability to do work
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in order for work to be done the object has to
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move
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force is a
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push or a pull
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all matter has potienal energy because
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all matter has the ability to do work
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Indicator
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a substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or a base
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acid
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sour taste
corrosive sontain hydrogen and nonmetals produce hydronium ions when placed in water proton donors |
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Bases
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breaks down greases and oils
bitter taste neutralizes acids slippery contains hydrogen oxygen and a metal produces hydroxide ions in water proton accepters |
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Name A Binary Acid
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Prefix Hydro + root of nonmetal + ic
ex. Hydro + chlor +ic Hydrochloric Acid |
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Name A Ternary Acid
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root of nonmetal + ic
Sulfur + ic Acid Nitr + ic Acid |
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Name a Base
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name of metal + hydroxide
MgOH = Magnesium Hydroxide |
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pH Scale
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shows the strength of acids and bases
going inward gets weaker |
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