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117 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Heat transfer by convection is normally in
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fluids(both gases and liquids)
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Airplane flight is best illustrated by
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Bernoulli's Principle
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A bubble of air released from the bottom of the lake
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becomes larger as it rises
Boyle's Law P1V1=P2V2 Aa bubble rises pressure decreases and volume increases |
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Conduction involves heat transfer by
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direct contact
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If an object is floating, the bouyant force is equal to
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the weight of the object
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When you touch a cold piece of ice w/ your finger energy flows
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from your finger to the ice
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THe path of a baseball curves when thrown w/ a spin principally because
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air pressure is reduced over the curved top surface
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A aircraft that weighs 1-ton hovers in the air. The bouyant force acting on it is
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1 ton (floating)
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Bouyant force is equal to
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the weight of the fluid displaced by the object
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What is the pressure if a 10N force is applied over a 2 square meter area?
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5 P=F/A P= 10N/2m^2=5
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What is density defined as?
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Mass/Volume
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Heat can be transferred by the process of
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conduction, radiation, convection
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Heat energy travels from an object w/ a
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higher temp. to an object w/ a lower temp.
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If a fluids flow from a wide pipe into a small pipe the fluid flows ..
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faster
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If an object is submerged in fluid, where is the pressure on the object greater?
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on the bottom surface of the object
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The pressure on a liquid depends on liquid
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depth and density
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What causes atmospheric pressure, in general
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The weight of the atmosphere acting on us
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Wind blowing over the top of the hill
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decreases atmospheroc pressure there
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As a diver deeper in the ocean, he or she will experience
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greater pressure
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Theraml Energy is
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potential and kinetic energy
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Archimede's Principle applies to
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fluids
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What is pressure defined as?
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Force/Area
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A theory is
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a synthesis of a large body of well-tested knowledge
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An educated guess is a
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hypothesis
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Science, art, religion do not contradict one another because
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all three have dif. domains
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A truly educated person is knowledgeable about
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religion, science, and the arts
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One object has twice as much mass as another object, it also has twice as much
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inertia
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Compared w/ the mass of a certian object on Earth, the mass of the same object on the Moon is
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the same
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What is mechanical equalibrium?
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object is at rest or moving at constant nonzero velocity
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The scientist to first introduce the concept of inertia was
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Galileo
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Lobsters live at the bottom of the ocean. The density of a lobster is
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greater than the density of seawater
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When gas in a container is squeezed to half its volume its density
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doubles
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An umbrella tends to move upwards on a windy day principally because
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air gets trapped under the umbrella, warms, rises
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Metals are both heat good conducters and also good electrical conductors because of the
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looseness of outer electrons in metal atoms
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A piece of platinum has a mass of 2kg. Would it weigh more on Jupiter or Earth?
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Jupiter
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What is the impulse-momentum relationships?
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Impulse is equal to the change in momentum
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What happens to the kinetic energy of the object if the velocity is doubled?
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The KE is multiplied by 4
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Convection involves heat transfer by
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the motion of fluids
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Lift on an airplane is best illustrated by
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Bernoulli's principle
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Air moving over the top of a convertible
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decreases atmospheric pressure there, letting the roof 'poof up
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Heat can be transferred by
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conduction, convection, and radiation
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Newtons First Law of Motion
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an object at rest stays at rest unless acted on by a force an object in motion stays in motion unless acted on by an outside force
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Newtons Second Law of Motion
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A=F/m
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Newton's Third Law of Motion
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Every action has an equal and opposite reaction
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If a fluid flows from a wide pipe into a small pipe
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the fluid flows faster
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If the frequency of a certain wave is 10 Hz, its period is
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1/10= .1 s
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The source of all electromagnetic waves is
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vibrating charges
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Interference is a property of
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sound waves, light waves, and water waves
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Sound waves are dif. than other waves because
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it is a longitudinal wave
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Electromagnetic waves consist of
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vibrating electric and magnetic fields
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If an electron vibrates up and down 1000 times each second, it generates an electromagnetic having a frequency of
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1000 Hz
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Electromagnetic waves can travel through a vacuum. T or F
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True
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A floating leaf oscillates up and down 2 complete in 1s as a water wave passes by. The wavelength is 10m. What is the wave's speed?
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20 m/s
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How many vibrations per second are associated w/ a 101-MHz radio wave?
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101,000,000
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When the speed of sound near the ground is greater than higher in the air, sound tends to be bent
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upward
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A wave having a freq. of 1000 Hz vibrates at
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1000 cycles per second
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Refraction of sound can occur in
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both air and water
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The natural freq. of an object depends on its
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size, shape and elasticity
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The sound source of high frequency emits a high
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pitch
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The speed of a sound wave in air depends on
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air temp.
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Sound travels faster in
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steel
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The phenomenon of beats results from sound
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interference
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The source of all sounds is something that is
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vibrating
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The explanation for refraction must involve a change in
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speed
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Sound travels faster in air if the air is
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warm
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Compressions and rarefactions are characteristic of
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longitudinal waves
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Sound waves can interfere with one another so that no sound result T or F
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True
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Sound will be louder if a struck tuning fork is held
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w/ its base against a table top
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Reverberation is actually a case of sound
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undergoing multiple reflections
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The speed of sound wave does not depend on
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wavelength, source, or frequency
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A sound wave is a
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longitudinal wave
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Sound waves can not travel in a
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vacuum
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The range of human hearing is from about
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20Hz-20,000 Hz
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Atoms heavier than hydrogen were made by
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nuclear fusion
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Atoms consist of
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a nucleus and electron cloud
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An element is made of
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one type of atom only
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The elements in the periodic table are grouped together as
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metallic, nonmetallic, or metalliod
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Metals have properties such as
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they are good conductors of heat and electricity
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Nonmetals have properties such as
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they are not ductile
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Metalloids are
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good conductors of electricity
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The most common silicate minerals are
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quartz and feldspar
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The first minerals to melt those with
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lowest melting point
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Metamorphism caused by the close proximity of a magma source is called
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contact metamorphism
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The most common outpouring of lava on the surface occurs as
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fissure eruptions
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The mantle is composed of
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plastic-like iron rich silicate rocks
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In a divergent plate boundary
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crustal plates are pulled apart
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Earthquakes and volcanoes tend to occur
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along the boundaries of lithospheric plates
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In a transform-fault plate boundary
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crustal plates slide past each other
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Convergent boundaries are areas of
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plate collisions
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Earthquake s-waves
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are longitudinal vibrations similar to sound waves
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The outer core of the earth
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flows fast enough to power the earth's magnetic field
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Mineral streak
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the color of the powdered form of the mineral
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Mineral cleavage
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the tendency of a mineral to spit along planes of weakness
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Chemical sedimentary rocks are formed from
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crystallization of minerals from a water solution
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Rocks formed by cooling from a magma are
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igneous rocks
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A mineral ore is
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rich in valuable metals that can be mined for profit
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Rocks formed by a change in temp. and/or pressure in the environment of older rock are
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metamorphic rocks
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What are the 5 mineral groups?
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silicates, carbonates, oxides, sulfides, sulfates
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Hydrothermal minerals form from
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hot underground water in cracks of rock
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Luster is the way a mineral
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reflects light
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Birefringence is
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the splitting of light into 2 rays- so you see double
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Is earth a geologically active planet?
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Yes
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Minerals crystal from
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magma solutions and water solutions
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What are the 3 types of magma?
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basaltic, granitic, andesitic
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Which type of volcano has explosive eruptions?
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composite cone
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Intrusive igneous rocks form from
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plutons
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Mechanical Weathering
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physical breakdown of older rocks into smaller pieces
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What is lithification?
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conversion of sediments into rock
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What is erosion?
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transport of sediments by water, wind or ice
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What is sedimentation?
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horizontal layering of sediments
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What is subduction?
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when one lithospheric plate sinks beneath another
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Moh's scale is defined on the basis of minerals that have different
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hardnesses
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How do mountains form?
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Mountains are the result of plate convergence-plates coming together
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The earth's lithosphere consists of
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the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle
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What drives the movement of the lithospheric plates?
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convection in the asthenosphere
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Volcanic arcs and island arcs are generated at which type of lithospheric plate boundary?
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convergent plate boundary
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Earth's structure is
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inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
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