Science Final

Front 1

matter

Back 1

anything that has mass and takes up space

Front 2

chemistry

Back 2

the study of the properties of matter and how matter changes

Front 3

element

Back 3

a pure substance that cannot be broken down into an other substances by chemical or physical means

Front 4

chemical bond

Back 4

a force of attraction between two atoms

Front 5

weight

Back 5

a measure of the force of gravity on you

Front 6

mass

Back 6

the measurement of the amount of matter in the object

Front 7

volume

Back 7

the amount of space that matter occupies

Front 8

energy

Back 8

the ability to do work or cause change

Front 9

law of conservation of mass

Back 9

"matter is not created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change"

Front 10

The Formula to calculate density

Back 10

mass divided by volume

Front 11

3 particles found in an atom

Back 11

proton, neutron, and electron.

Front 12

atomic number

Back 12

the number of protons in the nucleus

Front 13

nucleus

Back 13

the very small center core of an atom

Front 14

Dimitri Mendeleev

Back 14

he discovered a set of patterns that apply to all the elements. he arranged the elements in order from increasing atomic mass.

Front 15

protons

Back 15

have a positive electric charge

Front 16

neutrons

Back 16

have no charge

Front 17

electrons

Back 17

have a negative electric charge

Front 18

smelting

Back 18

when an ore is melted to separate the useful metal from otehr elements in the ore

Front 19

igneous rock

Back 19

a rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock

Front 20

sedimentary rock

Back 20

forms in layers below the surface. forms when particles of other rocks or remains of plants/animals are pressed together.

Front 21

metamorphic rock

Back 21

forms when existing rock is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions

Front 22

3 types of mines

Back 22

open pit, shaft, strip

Front 23

granite

Back 23

a light colored, coarse grained igneous rock, which is made up from quartz and feldspar.

Front 24

porphyry

Back 24

a certain texture of a rock. has large crystals surrounded by smaller ones.

Front 25

sediment

Back 25

small solid pieces of matierial that form from rocks or living things.

Front 26

erosion

Back 26

the destructive process in which water or wind loosens and carries away fragments of rocks

Front 27

coral

Back 27

a structure formed when skeletons of coral animals grow together.

Front 28

cells

Back 28

the basic unit of structure in a living thing

Front 29

homeostasis

Back 29

that process in which an organism's internal environment is kept stable in spite of changes in the external environment

Front 30

stress

Back 30

the reaction of your body to potentially threatening situations

Front 31

hinge joint

Back 31

in your knee and elbow

Front 32

ball and socket joint

Back 32

in your hip and shoulder

Front 33

pivot joint

Back 33

in your neck

Front 34

gliding joint

Back 34

in your wrists and anklea

Front 35

marrow

Back 35

a soft connective tissue that fills the internal places in a bone

Front 36

osteoporosis

Back 36

a condition in the body in which the bones in the body become weak and break easily

Front 37

fracture

Back 37

a break in a bone

Front 38

dislocation

Back 38

when an end of a bone pops out of its joint

Front 39

sprain

Back 39

when two ligaments are streatched too far and tear in places

Front 40

MRI

Back 40

stands for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. a method for taking clear images of the bones and soft tissue of the body

Front 41

arthritis

Back 41

a disease of the joints that makes movements painful

Front 42

epidermis

Back 42

outer layer of the skin. doesnt have any nerves or blood vessels

Front 43

dermis

Back 43

inner layer of the skin. this area contains nerves and blood vessels

Front 44

nutrients

Back 44

the substances in food that provide the raw materials and energy the body needs

Front 45

cholesterol

Back 45

a waxy fatlike substance found in only anuimal products

Front 46

vitamins

Back 46

act as a helper molecule in a variety of chemical reactions in the body

Front 47

minerals

Back 47

nutrients that are not made by living things

Front 48

water

Back 48

most important nutrient because it is needed for alll body processes and makes up most of the body's fluids

Front 49

digestion

Back 49

the process by which your body breaks down food inot small nutrient molecules. (two types: mechanical amd chemical)

Front 50

Saliva

Back 50

the fluid released when you mouth waters

Front 51

esophagus

Back 51

a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach

Front 52

mucus

Back 52

a thick slipepry substance produced by the body

Front 53

small intestine

Back 53

an organ in which almost all chemical digestion and absorption occurs. it is 19 feet long, lined with villi, attached to the stomach, and recieves bile and enzymes from other organs.

Front 54

liver

Back 54

the largest organ in the body and the role is to produce bile

Front 55

bile

Back 55

a substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles.

Front 56

gallbladder

Back 56

the organ that stores bile

Front 57

large intestine

Back 57

the last section of the digestive system. it contatins bacteria that feed on the matierial passing through. in this organ the water is absorbed into the bloodstream.

Front 58

respiration

Back 58

the process in which oxygen and glucose undergo a complex series of chemical reactions in cells

Front 59

breathing

Back 59

the movement of air in and out of the lungs.

Front 60

path of air

Back 60

through nose, pharynx (throat), trachea, and bronchi

Front 61

diaphragm

Back 61

a large dome shaped muscle that plays an important role in breathing

Front 62

pharynx

Back 62

both the nose and the mouth are connected to the pharynx, or throat, and it is a passageway for food and air, making it part of the digestive system and respiratory system.

Front 63

trachea

Back 63

(windpipe) lined with cilia and mucus. only air enters.

Front 64

lungs

Back 64

the main part of the respiratory system

Front 65

emphysema

Back 65

destroys lung tissue and causes breathing difficulties. the damage is permanent even if a person stops smoking

Front 66

bronchitis

Back 66

an irritation of the breathing passages in shich the small passages become narrower and may be clogged.

Front 67

lung cancer

Back 67

cancerous growths or tumors take away space in the lungs that are used for gas exchange

Front 68

tar

Back 68

dark, sticky substance that forms when tobacco burns. it causes cilia to clump together which decreases their ability to prevent harmful materials from entering the lungs.

Front 69

carbon monoxide

Back 69

colorless odorless gas that bonds with hemoglobin which would normally ake the place of oxygen

Front 70

nicotine

Back 70

a timulant drug; makes the heart beat faster; increases blood pressure; produces addiction

Front 71

passive smoking

Back 71

people inhale the smoke from other people. it contains the same harmful chemicals that smokers inhale. it leads to bronchitis and asthma

Front 72

organs of excretion

Back 72

kidneys lungs skin and liver

Front 73

brain

Back 73

controls most of the body's functions

Front 74

nerve

Back 74

a bundle of nerves

Front 75

sensory neuron

Back 75

picks up information from the environment

Front 76

diaphragm

Back 76

a large dome shaped muscle that plays an important role in breathing

Front 77

pharynx

Back 77

both the nose and the mouth are connected to the pharynx, or throat, and it is a passageway for food and air, making it part of the digestive system and respiratory system.

Front 78

trachea

Back 78

(windpipe) lined with cilia and mucus. only air enters.

Front 79

lungs

Back 79

the main part of the respiratory system

Front 80

emphysema

Back 80

destroys lung tissue and causes breathing difficulties. the damage is permanent even if a person stops smoking

Front 81

bronchitis

Back 81

an irritation of the breathing passages in shich the small passages become narrower and may be clogged.

Front 82

lung cancer

Back 82

cancerous growths or tumors take away space in the lungs that are used for gas exchange

Front 83

tar

Back 83

dark, sticky substance that forms when tobacco burns. it causes cilia to clump together which decreases their ability to prevent harmful materials from entering the lungs.

Front 84

carbon monoxide

Back 84

colorless odorless gas that bonds with hemoglobin which would normally ake the place of oxygen

Front 85

nicotine

Back 85

a timulant drug; makes the heart beat faster; increases blood pressure; produces addiction

Front 86

passive smoking

Back 86

people inhale the smoke from other people. it contains the same harmful chemicals that smokers inhale. it leads to bronchitis and asthma

Front 87

organs of excretion

Back 87

kidneys lungs skin and liver

Front 88

brain

Back 88

controls most of the body's functions

Front 89

nerve

Back 89

a bundle of nerves

Front 90

sensory neuron

Back 90

picks up information from the environment

Front 91

diaphragm

Back 91

a large dome shaped muscle that plays an important role in breathing

Front 92

pharynx

Back 92

both the nose and the mouth are connected to the pharynx, or throat, and it is a passageway for food and air, making it part of the digestive system and respiratory system.

Front 93

trachea

Back 93

(windpipe) lined with cilia and mucus. only air enters.

Front 94

lungs

Back 94

the main part of the respiratory system

Front 95

emphysema

Back 95

destroys lung tissue and causes breathing difficulties. the damage is permanent even if a person stops smoking

Front 96

bronchitis

Back 96

an irritation of the breathing passages in shich the small passages become narrower and may be clogged.

Front 97

lung cancer

Back 97

cancerous growths or tumors take away space in the lungs that are used for gas exchange

Front 98

tar

Back 98

dark, sticky substance that forms when tobacco burns. it causes cilia to clump together which decreases their ability to prevent harmful materials from entering the lungs.

Front 99

carbon monoxide

Back 99

colorless odorless gas that bonds with hemoglobin which would normally ake the place of oxygen

Front 100

nicotine

Back 100

a timulant drug; makes the heart beat faster; increases blood pressure; produces addiction

Front 101

passive smoking

Back 101

people inhale the smoke from other people. it contains the same harmful chemicals that smokers inhale. it leads to bronchitis and asthma

Front 102

organs of excretion

Back 102

kidneys lungs skin and liver

Front 103

brain

Back 103

controls most of the body's functions

Front 104

nerve

Back 104

a bundle of nerves

Front 105

sensory neuron

Back 105

picks up information from the environment

Front 106

interneuron

Back 106

carries impulses from 1 neuron to another

Front 107

motor neuron

Back 107

transmits nerve impulses to activate muscles

Front 108

central nervouse system

Back 108

(CNS) control center of the body - brain and spinal cord

Front 109

Peripheral Nervous System

Back 109

all nerves located outsidethe Central Nervous System-includes the Somatic Nervous System and Autonomic Nervous System. the function is to connect the Central Nervous System to the rest of the body

Front 110

Three regions of the brain

Back 110

Cerebrum, Cerebellum, and Brain Stem

Front 111

Cornea

Back 111

the clear tissue that covers the front of the eye

Front 112

pupil

Back 112

the opening through which light enters the eye

Front 113

lens

Back 113

a flexible structure that focuses light

Front 114

iris

Back 114

a circular structure that surrounds the pupil and regulates the amount of light entering the eye (colored part of the eye)

Front 115

Nearsightedness

Back 115

can see nearby objects clearly

Front 116

farsightedness

Back 116

can see distant objects clearly