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116 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
matter
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anything that has mass and takes up space
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chemistry
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the study of the properties of matter and how matter changes
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element
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a pure substance that cannot be broken down into an other substances by chemical or physical means
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chemical bond
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a force of attraction between two atoms
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weight
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a measure of the force of gravity on you
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mass
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the measurement of the amount of matter in the object
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volume
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the amount of space that matter occupies
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energy
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the ability to do work or cause change
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law of conservation of mass
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"matter is not created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change"
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The Formula to calculate density
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mass divided by volume
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3 particles found in an atom
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proton, neutron, and electron.
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atomic number
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the number of protons in the nucleus
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nucleus
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the very small center core of an atom
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Dimitri Mendeleev
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he discovered a set of patterns that apply to all the elements. he arranged the elements in order from increasing atomic mass.
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protons
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have a positive electric charge
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neutrons
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have no charge
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electrons
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have a negative electric charge
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smelting
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when an ore is melted to separate the useful metal from otehr elements in the ore
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igneous rock
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a rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock
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sedimentary rock
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forms in layers below the surface. forms when particles of other rocks or remains of plants/animals are pressed together.
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metamorphic rock
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forms when existing rock is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions
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3 types of mines
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open pit, shaft, strip
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granite
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a light colored, coarse grained igneous rock, which is made up from quartz and feldspar.
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porphyry
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a certain texture of a rock. has large crystals surrounded by smaller ones.
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sediment
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small solid pieces of matierial that form from rocks or living things.
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erosion
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the destructive process in which water or wind loosens and carries away fragments of rocks
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coral
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a structure formed when skeletons of coral animals grow together.
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cells
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the basic unit of structure in a living thing
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homeostasis
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that process in which an organism's internal environment is kept stable in spite of changes in the external environment
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stress
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the reaction of your body to potentially threatening situations
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hinge joint
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in your knee and elbow
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ball and socket joint
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in your hip and shoulder
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pivot joint
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in your neck
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gliding joint
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in your wrists and anklea
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marrow
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a soft connective tissue that fills the internal places in a bone
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osteoporosis
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a condition in the body in which the bones in the body become weak and break easily
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fracture
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a break in a bone
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dislocation
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when an end of a bone pops out of its joint
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sprain
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when two ligaments are streatched too far and tear in places
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MRI
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stands for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. a method for taking clear images of the bones and soft tissue of the body
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arthritis
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a disease of the joints that makes movements painful
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epidermis
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outer layer of the skin. doesnt have any nerves or blood vessels
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dermis
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inner layer of the skin. this area contains nerves and blood vessels
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nutrients
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the substances in food that provide the raw materials and energy the body needs
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cholesterol
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a waxy fatlike substance found in only anuimal products
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vitamins
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act as a helper molecule in a variety of chemical reactions in the body
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minerals
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nutrients that are not made by living things
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water
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most important nutrient because it is needed for alll body processes and makes up most of the body's fluids
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digestion
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the process by which your body breaks down food inot small nutrient molecules. (two types: mechanical amd chemical)
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Saliva
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the fluid released when you mouth waters
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esophagus
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a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach
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mucus
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a thick slipepry substance produced by the body
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small intestine
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an organ in which almost all chemical digestion and absorption occurs. it is 19 feet long, lined with villi, attached to the stomach, and recieves bile and enzymes from other organs.
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liver
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the largest organ in the body and the role is to produce bile
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bile
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a substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles.
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gallbladder
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the organ that stores bile
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large intestine
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the last section of the digestive system. it contatins bacteria that feed on the matierial passing through. in this organ the water is absorbed into the bloodstream.
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respiration
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the process in which oxygen and glucose undergo a complex series of chemical reactions in cells
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breathing
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the movement of air in and out of the lungs.
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path of air
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through nose, pharynx (throat), trachea, and bronchi
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diaphragm
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a large dome shaped muscle that plays an important role in breathing
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pharynx
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both the nose and the mouth are connected to the pharynx, or throat, and it is a passageway for food and air, making it part of the digestive system and respiratory system.
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trachea
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(windpipe) lined with cilia and mucus. only air enters.
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lungs
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the main part of the respiratory system
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emphysema
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destroys lung tissue and causes breathing difficulties. the damage is permanent even if a person stops smoking
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bronchitis
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an irritation of the breathing passages in shich the small passages become narrower and may be clogged.
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lung cancer
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cancerous growths or tumors take away space in the lungs that are used for gas exchange
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tar
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dark, sticky substance that forms when tobacco burns. it causes cilia to clump together which decreases their ability to prevent harmful materials from entering the lungs.
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carbon monoxide
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colorless odorless gas that bonds with hemoglobin which would normally ake the place of oxygen
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nicotine
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a timulant drug; makes the heart beat faster; increases blood pressure; produces addiction
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passive smoking
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people inhale the smoke from other people. it contains the same harmful chemicals that smokers inhale. it leads to bronchitis and asthma
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organs of excretion
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kidneys lungs skin and liver
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brain
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controls most of the body's functions
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nerve
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a bundle of nerves
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sensory neuron
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picks up information from the environment
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diaphragm
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a large dome shaped muscle that plays an important role in breathing
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pharynx
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both the nose and the mouth are connected to the pharynx, or throat, and it is a passageway for food and air, making it part of the digestive system and respiratory system.
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trachea
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(windpipe) lined with cilia and mucus. only air enters.
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lungs
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the main part of the respiratory system
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emphysema
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destroys lung tissue and causes breathing difficulties. the damage is permanent even if a person stops smoking
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bronchitis
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an irritation of the breathing passages in shich the small passages become narrower and may be clogged.
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lung cancer
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cancerous growths or tumors take away space in the lungs that are used for gas exchange
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tar
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dark, sticky substance that forms when tobacco burns. it causes cilia to clump together which decreases their ability to prevent harmful materials from entering the lungs.
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carbon monoxide
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colorless odorless gas that bonds with hemoglobin which would normally ake the place of oxygen
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nicotine
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a timulant drug; makes the heart beat faster; increases blood pressure; produces addiction
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passive smoking
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people inhale the smoke from other people. it contains the same harmful chemicals that smokers inhale. it leads to bronchitis and asthma
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organs of excretion
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kidneys lungs skin and liver
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brain
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controls most of the body's functions
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nerve
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a bundle of nerves
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sensory neuron
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picks up information from the environment
|
|
diaphragm
|
a large dome shaped muscle that plays an important role in breathing
|
|
pharynx
|
both the nose and the mouth are connected to the pharynx, or throat, and it is a passageway for food and air, making it part of the digestive system and respiratory system.
|
|
trachea
|
(windpipe) lined with cilia and mucus. only air enters.
|
|
lungs
|
the main part of the respiratory system
|
|
emphysema
|
destroys lung tissue and causes breathing difficulties. the damage is permanent even if a person stops smoking
|
|
bronchitis
|
an irritation of the breathing passages in shich the small passages become narrower and may be clogged.
|
|
lung cancer
|
cancerous growths or tumors take away space in the lungs that are used for gas exchange
|
|
tar
|
dark, sticky substance that forms when tobacco burns. it causes cilia to clump together which decreases their ability to prevent harmful materials from entering the lungs.
|
|
carbon monoxide
|
colorless odorless gas that bonds with hemoglobin which would normally ake the place of oxygen
|
|
nicotine
|
a timulant drug; makes the heart beat faster; increases blood pressure; produces addiction
|
|
passive smoking
|
people inhale the smoke from other people. it contains the same harmful chemicals that smokers inhale. it leads to bronchitis and asthma
|
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organs of excretion
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kidneys lungs skin and liver
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brain
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controls most of the body's functions
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nerve
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a bundle of nerves
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sensory neuron
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picks up information from the environment
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interneuron
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carries impulses from 1 neuron to another
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motor neuron
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transmits nerve impulses to activate muscles
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central nervouse system
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(CNS) control center of the body - brain and spinal cord
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Peripheral Nervous System
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all nerves located outsidethe Central Nervous System-includes the Somatic Nervous System and Autonomic Nervous System. the function is to connect the Central Nervous System to the rest of the body
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Three regions of the brain
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Cerebrum, Cerebellum, and Brain Stem
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Cornea
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the clear tissue that covers the front of the eye
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pupil
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the opening through which light enters the eye
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lens
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a flexible structure that focuses light
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iris
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a circular structure that surrounds the pupil and regulates the amount of light entering the eye (colored part of the eye)
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Nearsightedness
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can see nearby objects clearly
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farsightedness
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can see distant objects clearly
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