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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
unicellular
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organisms that respond, transform, and reproduce
both prokaryotesand eukaryotes maintain homeostastis INDEPENDENTLY |
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multicellular
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don't live on own
communicate/ work with others to maintain homeostasis DEPENDENT |
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passive transport
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doesn't require energy!
force behind movement in a membrane involves diffusion |
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Diffusion
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particles move from area of high concentration to low concentration
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facilitated diffusion
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diffusion where molecules pass through special channels
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osmosis
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diffusion from high to low through selectively permeable membrane
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selectively permeable membrane
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layer picky about which substances pass through
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concentration
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amount of substance in relation to volume of liquid
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surface area
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L x W
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volume
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L x W x H
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Ratio
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SA/V
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cell division
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cells divides into 2 daughter cells
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Eukaryotic Cell Cycle
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Interphase, mitosis, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
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Interphase
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G1 cell increases in size
S DNA doubles G2 prepares for mitosis |
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prophase
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longest phase, chromosome is duplicated, spindles form
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metaphase
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chromosomes line up in the middle, spindle fibers connect
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anaphase
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chromosomes separate from center
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telophase
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2 groups tangle up, fibers break
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cytokinesis
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occurs during telophase, divides cell with a pinch (animal cell) or cell wall (plant cell)
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reactant
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before entering chemical reaction
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products
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outcome from chemical reaction
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catalyst
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speeds up any kind of reaction
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enzyme
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biological catalyst in cell
variables: temperature, pH, molecules |
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cancer
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disorder where body cells can't grow because of an error in cell division or carcinogens
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carcinogens
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cancerous chemical Ex. tobacco
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benign
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non-cancerous
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tumor
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mass of cancerous cells
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malignant
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cancerous, destroys healthy tissue
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totipotent
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can develop into any type of body cell
fertilized egg and sperm |
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pluripotent
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can form most body cells including embryo tissues
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multipotent
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adult cells, limited potential
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stem cells
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nonspecialized cells that can create different cells
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hypertonic
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high solute
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hypotonic
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low solute
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isotonic
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same strength solute
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autotroph
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organism that makes its own food
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heterotroph
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consumer
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independent variable
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thing that is changed in experiment
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dependent variable
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activity of data
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controlled variable
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kept same or original
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control group
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normal option Ex. flower on Valentine's Day: rose
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hypothesis
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if... then...
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qualitative
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quality
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quantitive
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quantity (#s)
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homestasis
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constant condition in organisms
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inference
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interpretation/guess with past knowledge and experience
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metabolism
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chemical reactions that break or build materials in organism
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trophic levels
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steps in food chains or webs
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producers
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flow of energy, first in chain effect, autotrophs, primary
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consumers
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need to survive off other nutrients
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decomposers
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mushroom or fungi, feed by breaking down matter
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autotrophs
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make own food, primary producers
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heterotrophs
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consumers, must rely on energy from other consumers
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herbivores
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"green" eaters
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carnivores
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"meat eaters"
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energy
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ability to work
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biomass
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amount of living mass in each trophic level
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cellular respiration
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purpose of process: convert energy to ATP
1. glycolysis net gain of 2 ATP, 2 pyruvic acid 2. krebs cycle 2 ATP, CO2, NADH 3. electron transport chain 02, H2O, 32 molecules of ATP |
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ATP vs. ADP
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3 phosphate bonds vs. 2 phosphate bonds
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Photosynthesis
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light-dependent reaction and light-independent reaction
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Fermentation
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releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP without O2
ALCOHOLIC and LACTIC ACDID |
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food web
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complex way of showing energy being transferred in ecosystem
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food chain
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energy is transferred through an ecosystem when organism eat or are being eaten
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DNA
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deoxyribose
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RNA
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ribos
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transgenic
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inserting recombined DNA into organism
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replication
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DNA replicates, happens during S-Phase, strands unzip, make complimentary nucleotides
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Polymerase Chain Reaction
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makes copies of gene
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tRNA, mRNA
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transfer in ribosome, messenger in nucleus
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frameshift mutation
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deletion, messes up complimentary codons
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point mutation
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1 point at struct of base
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nucleotide
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consists off...
1. sugar 2. phosphate group 3. nitrogen baases (ATGC) |
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plasmid
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circular DNA molecules
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restriction enzyme
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cuts DNA
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sticky ends
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segments from restriction enzyme
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clone
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identical to original to organism
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gel electrophoresis
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separating segments of DNA by length
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