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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a field?
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A Field is a region of space in which there is a quantity that can be measured at every location
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Examples of types of fields:
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-Earths magnetic field
-Earths gravity field -Temperature field -Air pressure field -Precipitation field -Elevations of earths surface with respect to sea level |
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Scaler field:
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-Measured in amount or magnetude
-EX: Temp, air pressure, rainfall |
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Vector field:
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-Measured in terms of direction and insolation
-EX: Gravity and magnetic fields, wind on weather maps |
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Isoline:
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A line connecting all the points having the same field value
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Isotherm:
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Lines of equal temperature
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Isobar:
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Lines of atmospheric (barometric) pressure
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Contour lines:
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Lines of equal land elevatin
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Ispachs:
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Lines of equal thickness
-EX: Volcanic eruptions |
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Isohyets:
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Lines of equal amounts of rainfall
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Isolines show field conditions of a _______ surface?
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Two-dimentional
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Rules for drawing isolines:
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1) Every point in an isoline has same value
2) Cannot touch or cross 3) Have smooth curves 4) Normally parallel to one another 5) End in loops or extend to edges of map |
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Gradient:
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The rate at which a field quantity changes as we go from one point to another
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Gradient formula:
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Gradient= amount of change in a field quantity/ distance over which the change occurs
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The closer the spacing the:
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Higher the gradient
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Dynamic Field:
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Changes rapidly, daily/ minute basis
-EX: Gravity, elevation of earths surface |
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Static Field:
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Changes very slowly
-EX: Temperature, air pressure, insolation |
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Interval:
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Differnce in value between consecutive isolines
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Earths atmosphere:
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A thin, protective blanket of air
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Interaction between the earths surface and atmosphere creates:
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Weather
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Major components of air:
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A mixture of gases:
1) Nitrogen (78%) 2) Oxygen (21%) 3) Carbon Dioxide (.04%) |
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Oxygen gives you:
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Energy
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Water Vapor:
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-Changes dramatically based on temp.
-Good heat absorber -Source of heat energy for storms |
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Latent heat
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"Hidden heat"
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Aerosols
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Liquid and solid particles
-Contributed to colored hues in sunset |
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Aerosols originate from natural and human made sources such as:
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-Volcanic eruptions
-Industrialization |
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Ozone
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-Concentrated in the stratosphere
-pollutant at earths surface |
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The end of the atmosphere and the beginning of space has:
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No sharp boundary
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Homosphere
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Up to an altitude of 50 miles the porportions are uniform
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Heterosphere
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Above 50 miles composition is not uniform
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Troposphere
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-Bottom layer in which we live
-Weather happens here |
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Stratosphere
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-Above the troposphere
-Has ozone |
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Mesosphere
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-Has the coldest temperatue and little is know about this layer and the mesopause
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Radiactive Balance
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Energy coming in = energy coming out
(The car example) |
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Average daily temperature
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Average of the highest and lowest temperature for a day
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Daily temperature range
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Differnce between the highest and lowest temperatures for a day
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Monthly average temperature
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Average of the daily temperatures for a month
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Annual average temperature
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average of the averarge monthly temperatures for a year
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Annual temperature range
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differnce between the highest and lowest average monthly temps for a year
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Thermometer
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measure temperature
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Bimetal strip
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metals expand and contract when heated or cooled, the strips curl and the change measures the change in temperature
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Thermograph
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records the temperature
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Instrument shelter
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Ideal placement
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Station model
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Arrangement of data around the station location
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Temperature is plotted:
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in the upper left of the circle
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Always plotted in degrees:
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Fahrenheit
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The larger the range of temp. the _____ the interval used on the map
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Larger
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A mass of soil heats and cools _____ than water
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Faster
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Heat is absorbed by land only at the _____
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Surface (first few centimeters)
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This type of radiation penetrates to reater depths in water
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Solar radiation
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Water requires _____ heat to raise its teperature the same amount as an equal quantity of land
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More
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_____ keeps the heat in the air
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Water
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Coastal regions will have _____ yearly temperature ranges than the inland regions
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Smaller
*Cooler summer temps *Warmer winter temps |
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Windward coast
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Main winds from the ocean results in smaller temp range
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Leeward coast
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Larger temp range because winds do not carry the oceans influence on shore
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As latitude increases, _____ decreases
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Annual temperature
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Higher altitudes have a:
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Greater annual temperature range
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The southern hemisphere has _____ water then the northern hemisphere
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More
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The southern hemisphere also has a _____ temperature variation
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Smaller
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Altitude decreases --> annual temperature _____
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Decreases
** has a larger daily temp. range b/c the intensity of insolation b/c of the less dense air |
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Currents moving towards lower latitudes are:
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Cold
*Affects coastal areas |
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Currents moving away from the equator are:
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Warm
*Affects coastal areas |
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Clouds reflect _____ back into space
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Insolation
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Clouds:
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-Absorb terrestrial radiation and spills out some of it towards the surface
-reduce the daily temp. range |
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Air has weight and measures:
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14.7 pounds
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Pressure:
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A force exerted on any plane surface
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Air Pressure
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weight of the air pressing down from above
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air pressure is the result of:
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Gravity
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Air pressure is directed in all directions because:
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Air molecules move in all directions
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