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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Changes in inherited characteristics of a species over time |
Evolution |
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A group of organisms that share similar characteristics and can reproduce among themsleves |
Species |
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________ theory of acquired characteristics was not supported by evidence |
Lamarck's |
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__________ hypothesized that plants and animals on islands off the coast of South America originally came from Central and South America |
Darwin |
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Darwin observed that species of _______ on the islands looked similar to a mainland _______finch species |
Finches |
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Organisms with traits best suited to their environment will more likely survive and reproduce is Darwin's hypothesis known as___________ |
Natural Selection |
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An inherited trait that makes an individual different from other members of its species |
Variation |
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A variation that makes an organism better suited to its environment |
Adaptation |
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The environment can cause changes in the sources of ______ |
genes |
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__________ can make 2 populations so different they become different species |
Geography |
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Describes evolution as a slow, ongoing process |
Gradualism |
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Describes evolution as a new species in a relatively short period of time |
Punctuated Equilibrium |
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Why are there 2 models to explain the speed of evolution? |
Scientists don't agree on how quickly evolution occurs. Some support gradualism, others punctuated equilibrium, and some say evidence supports both models |
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Fossils found in _________rock show evidence that living things evolved |
Sedimentary |
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Looks at fossils location in a particular layer of rock; older rock layers are under newer rock layers |
Relative Dating |
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Compares the amount of radioactive element with the amount of nonradioactive element in a rock |
Radiometric Dating |
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Why is there incomplete fossil records? |
Most organisms do not turn into fossils |
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Most organisms that have ever existed are now______ |
extinct |
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Direct Evidence |
Supports evolution (antibiotic resistance in bacteria) |
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Indirect evidence supporting evolution |
embryology homologous structures vestigial structures similar DNA |
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The study of embryos and their development, shows similarities among vertebrate species |
Embryology |
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_______body parts can indicate 2 or more species share common ancestors |
Homologous |
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Structures that don't seem to have a function but might have once functioned in an ancestor |
Vestigial Structures |
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_________can support about how closely related organisms are |
DNA |
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What are some types of evidence supporting evolution? |
Fossils, indirect evidence (antibiotic resistance in bacteria), indirect evidence( embryology, homologous anatomy, vestigial structures, and DNA |
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Group of mammals with opposable thumbs, binocular vision, and flexible shoulders |
Primates |
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appeared about 4-6 million years ago and had larger brains than apes |
Hominids |
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______ point to Africa as the origin of hominids |
Australopithecus |
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____________and____________are thought to be early human ancestors |
Homo habilis, homo erectus |
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__________began evolving about 400,000 years ago |
Homo sapiens |
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__________had short heavy bodies with thick bones, small chins, and heavy brow ridges |
Neanderthals |
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disappeared about 400,000 years ago |
Neanderthals |
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Not thought to be direct ancestors of modern humans |
Neanderthals |
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date from around 10k-40k years ago |
Cro-Magnon |
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___________ are thought to be direct ancestors of early Homo sapiens |
Cro-Magnon humans |
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On what continent are humans thought to have originated and what is the evidence? |
Africa, some of the oldest hominid fossils have been found in Africa. Not all hominid fossils found in Africa are thought to be direct ancestors of modern humans, many scientists think fossils indicate that modern hominids might have evolved from similar ancestors. |
