Science Energy

Front 1

Energy

Back 1

Energy is a word that you sometimes use to describe how active you feel

Front 2

Law of Conservation of Energy

Back 2

this means energy cannot be created or
destroyed, also it means that the amount of energy in the universe is always the same.

Front 3

Electrical energy

Back 3

can be seen if there is a spark or a lightning strike, but you can’t see it when it’s moving in wires

Front 4

Stored/Potential energy

Back 4

it has the ‘potential’ to make something happen. All substances and objects poccess potential energy.

Front 5

Kinetic Energy

Back 5

All things that move poccess kinetic energy

Front 6

gravitational potential energy

Back 6

e.g a ball held above your head. Stores energy and becomes noticeable when you frop the ball as its stored energy is transformed into kinetic energy

Front 7

chemical energy (potential)

Back 7

e.g a battery. when it is connected to a electric circuit the energy is transformed into other types of energy.

Front 8

elastic potential energy

Back 8

can be stored in a stretched elastic band. When you let go out one of the ends the stored energy is transformed into kinetic energy.

Front 9

Nuclear energy

Back 9

stored at the centre of atoms. In a nuclear power station it is possible to transform it into electrical energy. It also has been converted to thermal energy in nuclear weapons

Front 10

Electrical energy (semi-potential)

Back 10

Electrical energy can also be stored. For example, if you rub a plastic ruler with a cloth it can become charged. You can’t see the stored electrical energy but you can tell it’s there when it bends a slow stream of water from a tap.

Front 11

3 ways to waste energy

Back 11

when you apply the brakes in a car or on a bicycle, hit a cricket or tennis ball and jump on a trampoline.

Front 12

Incandescent

Back 12

emitting light as a result of being heated

Front 13

Conduction

Back 13

the process by which heat or electricity is directly transmitted through the material of a substance when there is a difference of temperature -
e.g a metal spoon left in a hot saucepan of soup. The heat moves along the spoon as it reaches the handle.

Front 14

Insulators

Back 14

a insulator something that does not allow the passage of heat or sound. e.g a poor conductor. Glass, wood, rubber and plastic are all poor conductors of heat.

Front 15

Convection

Back 15

The process of heat transfer in air.

Front 16

Convection Process

Back 16

The process of it it is the particlesin the air gain energy and move faster and spread out. The warm air rises and then the air cools as it moves away from heat (coming from e.g heater) Particles lose energy and get closer together and finally the cold air sinks and the process then starts again.

Front 17

Radiation

Back 17

the process of the sun's heat reaching earth.
Heat transfer by radiation is much faster than conduction or convection.

Front 18

Radiant heat

Back 18

heat transferred by radiation (process of suns heat reaching earth)

Front 19

Transmitted radiant heat

Back 19

Clear objects, like glass, allow light and radiant heat to pass through them.The temperature of these objects does not increase quickly when heat reaches them by radiation.

Front 20

Absorbed radiant heat

Back 20

dark-coloured objects tend to absorb light and radiant heat.Their temperatures increase quickly when heat reaches them by radiation.

Front 21

Reflected radiant heat

Back 21

Shiny or light-coloured surfaces tend to reflect light and radiant heat away.The temperature of these objects does not change quickly when heat reaches them by radiation.

Front 22

3 Methods of heat loss

Back 22

Using the sun, insulation, radiation

Front 23

using the sun (heat loss)

Back 23

The direction that a house faces, positioning of windows and skylights, and the types of trees planted around the house all affect the amount of sunlight
and radiated heat that enter the home.

Front 24

Insulation (heat loss)

Back 24

The best insulators, therefore, are those that contain air that is restricted from moving. Woollen clothes, birds’ feathers and animal fur are all good insulators because they restrict heat loss by both conduction and convection.

Front 25

Some ways in which insulation is used in the home.

Back 25

Ceiling insulation (fibreglass batts, and loose rock wool) ,cavity wall insulation (a foram that can be sprayed between inside and outside walls), heavy curtains, double glazing (two sheets of glass in windows), cavity bricks (bricks with holes in them)

Front 26

Radiation (heat loss)

Back 26

Heat loss by radiation can be reduced with shiny foil that reflects radiated heat. Foil can be added to insulation in the ceiling and is also used in external walls.

Front 27

Luminous

Back 27

a object or substance that gives off their own light

Front 28

bioluminescent

Back 28

living things that emit light without heat

Front 29

non-luminous

Back 29

objects that do not emit their own light, they reflect light from luminous objects. e.g the moon reflects light from the sun.

Front 30

Vibrations (sound energy)

Back 30

all sound are caused by vibrations.

Front 31

Compressions (air particles)

Back 31

air particles closer together than usual

Front 32

rarefactions (air particles)

Back 32

air particles futher apart the usual, they moves away from the sources of the sound.

Front 33

sound waves

Back 33

If enough energy is transferred to the vibrating air, the sound waves reach your eardrum and you hear sound.

Front 34

pitch

Back 34

highness or lowness of a sound. the faster the object vibrates the higher the pitch. e.g blow across the top of a straw, the air inside it vibrates. If the straw is shorter, the air inside vibrates faster, producing a higher pitched sound.

Front 35

Transmitting (Sound energy)

Back 35

All materials transmit some sound, some better than others. That’s why you can sometimes hear conversations from the other side of a wall.

Front 36

Reflecting (Sound energy)

Back 36

Sound is reflected from hard substances like the tiles in your bathroom.

Front 37

Reverberation

Back 37

a continuing affect in sound

Front 38

absorbing (sound energy)

Back 38

Soft materials, like curtains and carpet, absorb much more sound than walls of plaster or tiles.