Science End-Of-Year Exam 2017

Front 1

What is an atom?

Back 1

A tiny particle with electrons, protons and neutrons

Front 2

Element

Back 2

A substance made of one type of atom only

Front 3

Compund

Back 3

A substance made of 2 or more types of atoms

Front 4

What is chromatography?

Back 4

Chromatography can be used to separate mixtures of colored compounds

Front 5

What is distillation?

Back 5

Distillation is a method for separating liquid based on boiling point

Front 6

What is the proton/atomic number?

Back 6

The number of protons and elections in an atom

Front 7

What is the nucleon/mass number?

Back 7

The number of particles in the nucleus

Front 8

Which is the nucleon number and which is the proton number?

Back 8

Front 9

What is diffusion?

Back 9

Diffusion is the spreading out of particles due to their random movement

Front 10

Speed = what?

Back 10

Front 11

What is the outer layer of the tooth called?

Back 11

Enamel

Front 12

What is the 2nd layer of the tooth called?

Back 12

Dentin

Front 13

What is the inner layer of the tooth called?

Back 13

Pulp or nerve

Front 14

What happens to the teeth if food is left in your mouth?

Back 14

If food is left in your mouth bacteria will break it down. as they do this they produce acid

Front 15

What happens if you do not have good dental hygiene?

Back 15

The acid will begin to eat away the enamel and creates a cavity

Front 16

Name all the layers of a tooth

Back 16

Front 17

Where doess the alimentary canal begin?

Back 17

Mouth

Front 18

Where does it end?

Back 18

The anus

Front 19

Was the function of the teeth?

Back 19

Chewing and helps digestion

Front 20

What are the two functions of the tongue?

Back 20

Moving food to help chew

Front 21

Saliva is released by the salivary glands. What are the two functions of saliva?

Back 21

To remove germs and lubricate food

Front 22

What is the muscular tube between the mouth and the stomach called?

Back 22

The osophegas

Front 23

What two chemicals does the stomach secrete and what are their functions?

Back 23

Hydro chloric acid to dissolve food and food substance

Front 24

What is the purpose of stomach muscle contractions?

Back 24

To move food through the body

Front 25

What is chyme?

Back 25

What food turns into

Front 26

What chemical does the liver produce?

Back 26

Bile

Front 27

What is the function of bile?

Back 27

To filter and neutralize chyme

Front 28

Where is bile stored before entering the small intestine?

Back 28

Gallbladder

Front 29

What is the other function of the liver?

Back 29

Cleans blood

Front 30

Why is the pancreas important for digestion?

Back 30

Digestive enzymes

Front 31

Why does chyme need to be neutralized?

Back 31

Because it's bad for you

Front 32

Food is broken down by enzymes in the small intestine. what other process also occurs in the small intestine?

Back 32

Nutrients are absorbed here

Front 33

How is the wall of the small intestine adapted to speed up the nutrient absorption process?

Back 33

Muscle movement and absorption

Front 34

What are the two major roles of the large intestine?

Back 34

To absorb water and pass out waste

Front 35

Give 2 examples of what bacteria do in your gut

Back 35

Neutralize other bacteria and feed of you, produce gas

Front 36

The appendix is left over from our revolutionary past and is no longer needed to help digest the types of plant matter we used to eat. when can the appendix actually be useful?

Back 36

Against disease

Front 37

What is respiration?

Back 37

Respiration is the chemical reactions that break down nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy

Front 38

What are some properties that metals have that non-metals don't?

Back 38

- Shininess

-Good conductors of heat and electricity

-High density (heavy for their size)

-Ductile (drawn out into thin wires)

-Malleable (flexible but hard to break)

-Can easily lose electrons

Front 39

What are some properties that non-metals have that metals don't?

Back 39

-Dull appearance

-Poor conductor of heat and electricity

- Low density

-Low melting point

-Brittle (breaks easily)

-Not ductile or malleable

-Tends to gain electrons

Front 40

What raw materials are used to extract iron using carbon in a blast furnace?

Back 40

Iron ore (haematite) and coke

Front 41

How does a blast furnace work to remove iron using carbon?

Back 41

Hot air is blown into the furnace causing the coke to burn, forming carbon dioxide and releasing heat energy. This reduces the iron oxide in the ore to molten iron, which flows to the bottom of the furnace

Front 42

What is electrolysis?

Back 42

Electrolysis is splitting up substances using electricity

Front 43

What is an electrolyte?

Back 43

The substance being broken down

Front 44

What is an anode?

Back 44

A positive electrode

Front 45

What is a cathode?

Back 45

A negative electrode

Front 46

What is an electrode?

Back 46

A rod which conducts electricity

Front 47

What is an electrolyte?

Back 47

Solution or liquid containing ions

Front 48

Where are the anode, cathode, electrode and electrolyte located?

Back 48

Front 49

Do metals form at the anode or cathode?

Back 49

Cathode

Front 50

Why are electrodes often made from graphite?

Back 50

Cheap and conducts electricity

Front 51

What are the different types of electro magnetic waves?

Back 51

- Radio waves

- Microwaves

- Infrared waves

- Visible light waves

- Ultraviolet

- X-rays

- Gamma rays

Front 52

What is the function of root hair cells?

Back 52

To absorb water and mineral ions across the root hair cell

Front 53

What is transpiration?

Back 53

The loss of water vapour from a plant as it evaporates from leaves

Front 54

What does blood carry?

Back 54

Oxygen

Front 55

Where does the blood go to get oxygenated?

Back 55

The lungs

Front 56

Which side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

Back 56

The right side does this

Front 57

Where does water enter in a plant?

Back 57

The xylem vessels

Front 58

Where is water taken through to the plant?

Back 58

The stem

Front 59

The xylem cells branch into leaves where ??

Back 59

Water enters the palisade and spongy cells where it is used for photosynthesis

Front 60

The water vapour from the plant evaporates out of the leaf through the stomata by diffusion. What is this loss of water called?

Back 60

Transpiration

Front 61

What speeds transportation?

Back 61

Heat

Wind

Low humidity

Light

Front 62

What three things are used to help the heart pump blood through the body?

Back 62

Arteries, veins and capillaries

Front 63

What are the differences between arteries and veins?

Back 63

Arteries carry blood away from the hear and veins carry blood back to the heart

Front 64

What is the purpose of capillaries?

Back 64

To swap gasses. For example, they swap carbon dioxide into oxygen

Front 65

What do muscles take in and then waste?

Back 65

They take in oxygen and waste it as carbon dioxide

Front 66

What are the 4 chambers of the heart?

Back 66

The 2 atria and the 2 ventricles

Front 67

What are valves in the heart used for?

Back 67

To stop blood from splashing back and going the wrong way instead of the right way (like a door)

Front 68

Why does the blood return to the heart?

Back 68

To get pumped back to the lungs where it is oxygenated again

Front 69

What does the blood do as it travels around the body?

Back 69

Diffuses and exchanges gas and blood

Front 70

What blood vessels are oxgenated and which are not?

Back 70

Arteries - oxygenated

Veins - deoxygenated

Capillaries - both

Front 71

What direction do the blood vessels go in?

Back 71

Arteries - Away from the heart

Veins - To the heart

Capillaries - Both directions

Front 72

What is the pressure like in all these blood vessels?

Back 72

Arteries - high

Veins - low

Capillaries - low

Front 73

What blood vessels have valves?

Back 73

Arteries - no

Veins - yes

Capillaries - no

Front 74

What is a pulse rate?

Back 74

BPM - Beats Per Minute

The number of times your heart beats per minute

Front 75

Why don't enzymes work if they change shape?

Back 75

As the first part states. Changing shape means it's molecule will no longer fit

Front 76

What do enzymes break down?

Back 76

A sugar called sucrose which is broken down into glucose and fructose

Front 77

Distance = ?

Back 77

Distance = speed multiplied by time

Front 78

What is an enzyme?

Back 78

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms

Front 79

What happens to enzymes when they overheat or when pH changes?

Back 79

Enzyme can change into a different shape and will no longer work (denature)

Front 80

What is the optimal temperature for human enzymes?

Back 80

37 degrees Celsius

Front 81

All enzymes only have one what?

Back 81

A shape of molecule to lock itself onto the enzyme active site or a certain spot that has been formed for that specific molecule

Front 82

What do enzymes break up?

Back 82

Enzymes breakup sucrose (a sugar) into glucose and fructose

Front 83

Speed = ?

Back 83

Speed = distance divided by time

Front 84

Time = ?

Back 84

Time = distance divided by speed

Front 85

What is a covalent bond?

Back 85

Multiple atoms sharing the same pairs of electrons with each other

Front 86

What do phloem tubes do in a plant?

Back 86

Transport food made in the leaves to other parts of the plant

Front 87

What is the journey that water takes to enter a plant?

Back 87

Water moves across the root and then enters the xylem vessels, up the stem then into the leaves

Front 88

What is water used for in the leaves?

Back 88

It is used for photosynthesis and leaves the leaf as water vapour out holes called stomata

Front 89

What is osmosis?

Back 89

Osmosis is the movement of water through a plasma membrane from a region of low solute concentration to high solute concentration

Front 90

Where are the chloroplasts, stoma and guard cells?

Back 90

Front 91

How many times does the blood pass through the heart during one conplete circulation of the body?

Back 91

Twice

Front 92

What do white blood cells do?

Back 92

Defend against disease. White blood cells are one of the main defenders in the immune system

Front 93

What is plasma?

Back 93

Plasma is a yellow liquid which transports nutrients and enzymes through the body. It also transports proteins and hormones

Front 94

What is cytoplasm?

Back 94

Cytoplasm is the jelly part of a cell surrounded by a thin lining

Front 95

What is the thin lining around a cytoplasm?

Back 95

The membrane

Front 96

What is the dark area inside of a cell?

Back 96

The nucleus

Front 97

What type of cells always have cell walls?

Back 97

Plant cells

Front 98

Do animal cells have cell walls?

Back 98

No

Front 99

What makes a plant look green?

Back 99

A substance called chlorophyll which are inside chloroplasts

Front 100

Most plants also contain a large fluid-filled area called a what?

Back 100

Vacuole

Front 101

What are transverse waves?

Back 101

Front 102

What are longitudinal waves?

Back 102

Front 103

What is the amplitude?

Back 103

Maximum height of the wave measured from the middle

Front 104

What is the wavelength?

Back 104

Shortest distance between a point on a wave and the same point on the next wave. For example, the distance from one peak to the next peak

Front 105

What is the frequency?

Back 105

The number of waves passing a point per second. A frequency of 6 Hz would mean six waves pass a point every second

Front 106

What happens to a speed of light ray as it passes from glass to air?

Back 106

Speeds back up

Front 107

What is total internal reflection?

Back 107

Total internal reflection is when light reflects of the inside surface of the glass.

Front 108

What is the critical angle?

Back 108

The critical angle is the angle that achieves total internal reflection

Front 109

How does an endoscope work?

Back 109

It reflects (bounces) back to the doctors eye, giving the doctor a view of the patients stomach

Front 110

How do you remember the reactivity series?

Back 110

Please - Pottasium

Stop - Sodium

Calling - Calcium

Me - Magnesium

A - Aluminium

Cute - Carbon

Zebra - Zinc

Front 111

What symbol is this?

Back 111

Lamp

Front 112

What symbols are these?

Back 112

Open switch and closed switch

Front 113

What symbol is this?

Back 113

An ammeter

Front 114

What symbol is this?

Back 114

Voltmeter

Front 115

What symbol is this?

Back 115

Cell

Front 116

What symbol is this?

Back 116

Battery

Front 117

What symbol is this?

Back 117

Resistor

Front 118

What symbol is this?

Back 118

Variable resistor

Front 119

What symbol is this?

Back 119

Fuse

Front 120

What symbol is this?

Back 120

Power pack

Front 121

What does a lamp do?

Back 121

Converts electricity energy into heat and light

Front 122

What does an open and closed switch do?

Back 122

Turns current on and off

Front 123

What is an ammeter?

Back 123

Measures current (in amperes/amps)

Front 124

What is a voltmeter?

Back 124

Measures voltage (volts)

Front 125

What does a cell do?

Back 125

Source of energy for the circuit

Front 126

What is a bettery?

Back 126

Source of energy for the circuit

Front 127

What is a resistor?

Back 127

Opposes current

Front 128

What is a variable resistor?

Back 128

Resistor whose valve of resistance can change

Front 129

What is a fuse?

Back 129

Protects circuit by breaking when current is too high

Front 130

What is a power pack?

Back 130

Source of energy for the circuit

Front 131

What is current measured in?

Back 131

Amperes

Front 132

Why do we need to eat food?

Back 132

To keep our cells alive

Front 133

What is an ion?

Back 133

An ion is a charged atom or molecule

Front 134

Why are ions charged?

Back 134

Because the number of electrons do not equal the number of protons in the atom or molecule

Front 135

Does an electron have a positive or negative charge?

Back 135

Negative charge

Front 136

Does a proton have a positive or negative charge?

Back 136

Positive charge

Front 137

Connect the letters with these answers

Back 137

A - hot air blast

B - limestone, carbon and iron oxide

C - waste gases

D - slag

E - molten iron

Front 138

What are horizontal rows called in the periodic table?

Back 138

Periods

Front 139

What are the vertical rows in a periodic table called?

Back 139

Groups

Front 140

An atom is ? by default

Back 140

Neutral. If not, it's an ion

Front 141

What can infrared be used for?

Back 141

TV remotes

Front 142

What can microwaves be used for?

Back 142

Heating food

Front 143

What is the use of ultraviolet?

Back 143

Can be used to kill microbes

Front 144

What are gamma rays used for?

Back 144

Gamma rays can kill cancer

Front 145

How can x-rays and ultraviolet rays. Be dangerous?

Back 145

X-rays can cause radiation sickness and ultraviolet speeds aging of the skin

Front 146

What colours is white light split into when entering a triangular prism?

Back 146

Red, orange, yellow, green, blue and violet

Front 147

What wave cannot travel through a vacuum?

Back 147

Sound

Front 148

How do you calculate the nucleon number in an atom?

Back 148

The number of protons and neutrons in an atom

Front 149

How do you calculate the atomic number?

Back 149

The number of protons in an atom

Front 150

What is the difference between solid, liquid and gas particles?

Back 150