Science Earth Science Test Review

Front 1

the hottest layer

Back 1

inner core

Front 2

the coolest layer

Back 2

crust

Front 3

the largest layer

Back 3

mantle

Front 4

the smallest layer

Back 4

crust

Front 5

is made of iron and nickel

Back 5

outer core

Front 6

is made of granite and basalt

Back 6

crust

Front 7

is the most widely studied

Back 7

crust

Front 8

is made of the lightest material

Back 8

crust

Front 9

is the densest layer

Back 9

inner core

Front 10

is under the most pressure

Back 10

inner core

Front 11

Who was Alfred Wegner?

Back 11

proposed continental drift hypothesis

Front 12

Who was James Hutton?

Back 12

proposed theory of uniformitarianism

Front 13

Who was Charles Lyell?

Back 13

challenged idea of catastrophism in book Principles of Geology

Front 14

What is uniformitarianism?

Back 14

states that the same geologic processes that are shaping the earth today have been at work throughout earth's history

Front 15

Where are the plates of the earth?

Back 15

crust

Front 16

Where is the lithosphere?

Back 16

crust and upper mantle

Front 17

Where is the asthenosphere?

Back 17

part of the mantle below the lithosphere

Front 18

What does the asthenosphere do?

Back 18

flows and moves the plates

Front 19

What are convection currents?

Back 19

move the crust while flowing in the mantle

Front 20

Why was Alfred Wegner's theory not believed?

Back 20

he could not identify a force to explain continental drift

Front 21

What is a fault?

Back 21

a break in the earth's crust along which blocks of the crust slide relative to one another

Front 22

Who is an intrusion?

Back 22

molten rock squeezes into existing rock and cools

Front 23

What is folding?

Back 23

bind and buckle

Front 24

What is tilting?

Back 24

slant rock layers without folding them

Front 25

What are the four disturbed rock layers?

Back 25

1. fault
2. intrusion
3. folding
4. tilting

Front 26

What is an uncomformity?

Back 26

missing part of the geologic column

Front 27

What is the main cause of uncomformities?

Back 27

erosion

Front 28

List five pieces of evidence that support the existence of Pangaea.

Back 28

1. continents fit together like a jigsaw puzzle
2. similar fossils were found in eastern south america and western africa
3. mountains ranges match up when continents are rejoined
4. south africa and south america both show evidence of glaciers
5. Identical species are found on different continents.

Front 29

How do convergent boundaries move?

Back 29

at each other and crash

Front 30

How do divergent boundaries move?

Back 30

away from each other

Front 31

How do transform boundaries move?

Back 31

slide past each other

Front 32

What landforms are created from convergent boundaries?

Back 32

trenches
volcanoes
mountains

Front 33

What landforms are created from divergent boundaries?

Back 33

rifts
valleys

Front 34

What landforms are created from transform boundaries?

Back 34

streams
beds
rocks

Front 35

How can convergent boundaries be harmful?

Back 35

earthquakes / volcanoes

Front 36

How can divergent boundaries be harmful?

Back 36

earthquakes / volcanoes

Front 37

How can transform boundaries be dangerous?

Back 37

earthquakes / fires

Front 38

What is seafloor spreading?

Back 38

magma seeps up from below the surface at the ridges