Science: Earth And Solar System

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The concept that the Earth's crust consists of separate plates in constant motion; a central idea of modern earth sciences (geology) since the 1960s.

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Plate Tectonics

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The portions of the Earth's surface or crust that move as a result of movements in the hot, semi-liquid magma beneath them.

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Tectonic Plates

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The use of four strategies to decide whether a story or concept should or should not be trusted. The four strategies are intuition, authority, logic, and evidence

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Claim Testing

I need help finding a wow factor.. thanks

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An extremely long period of time on the geologic time scale.

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Eon

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The second eon in Earth's history, a time from 3.8 to 2.5 million years ago, during which the first living organisms appeared.

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Archaen Eon

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The average distance between the Earth and the Sun, equal to about 92,955,807.3 miles or 149,497,870.7 kilometers.

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Astronomical Unit

1 Astronomical Unit =149 597 871 kilometers

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The billions of years of the Earth’s geologic history.

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Deep Time

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The scientific study of the Earth including its composition and history

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Geology

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the science dealing with the areal differentiation of the earth's surface

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Geography

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Degrees of magnification, or perspective, used to measure time, space, and size.

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Scale

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An object, smaller than a planet, that was shaped by accretion during the formation of the Solar System.

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Planetesimals

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small bodies orbiting the Sun

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Comets Asteroids

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The idea, a foundational concept of plate tectonics, that the Earth's continents move in relation to each other and had once formed a supercontinent called Pangaea.

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Continental Drift

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The semi-molten layer of the Earth between the core and the crust. Convection currents in the mantle drive plate tectonics.

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Mantle

It is the biggest and takes up 84 percent of the Earth

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The outer layer of the Earth, consisting of moving plates. The Earth's crust was formed through the process of differentiation

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Crust

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The dense center of the Earth formed by differentiation. Large quantities of iron and nickel generate the Earth's magnetic field

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Core

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A huge cloud of simple matter held together by gravity. The first complex entity in the Universe, has structure, stability, and sustained energy flow due to nuclear fusion at its center.

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Star

Turbulence in the sky that makes the stars appear that they are blinking

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A large, chemically complex object orbiting a star.

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Planet

Planets are divided into two types: Large gas giants and Rocky terrestrial planets

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The process by which planets form as material orbiting some stars gathers together through collisions and gravitational or electrostatic attraction, eventually forming larger and larger bodies.

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Accretion

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The mixture of gases surrounding a planet, a critical factor in the development of life on Earth.

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Atmosphere

Atmosphere is made of 4 layers: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere and thermosphere

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The third planet from the Sun in our Solar System, home to many complex life forms and modern human society.

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Earth

Of all the planets in our solar system, the Earth has the greatest density

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A planet outside of our Solar System.

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Exoplanet

Most exoplanets can only be detected indirectly because bright light from the stars that they orbit drowns them out

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The action or process of becoming not alike

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Differentiation

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the area in space influenced by the gravitational pull of a single star or star systems

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Solar System

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Why was the early Earth so hot?

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1. Radioactivity
2. Accretion
3. Pressure

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This person produced evidence in 1912 that the continents are in motion, but because he could not explain what forces could move them, geologist rejected his idea

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Alfred Wegner

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Made up of tectonic plates, which are pieces of the planet's crust and uppermost mantle

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The Earth's Surface

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areas where one plate slides beneath another

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subduction zones

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Using sound waves to measure under water differences and seafloor features

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sonar

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plates move at about the speed that your fingernails grow

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plate movement

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_____________ happen when two plates slide against each other

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Earthquakes

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Geological commission the cape of good hope south Africa

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Alexander du Toit

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find out

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Proplyd

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What does the Earth's crust consist of??

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Oxygen (46%) Silicon (27%) Aluminum (8%)

Calcium (5%) Magnesium (3%) Sodium (2%)

Potassium (2%)

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What does the sun consist of??

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Hydrogen (75%) Helium (23%) Oxygen (1%)

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What does the Universe consist of??

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Hydrogen (75%) Helium (23%)

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Name the 3 tectonic plates and what they do.

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Divergent- Spreading
Convergent- Subduction
Transform- Lateral Sliding

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What was the young Earth like??

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Molten lava, No oxygen, Asteroids and meteorite, and lots of radiation

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What are the two types of crust?

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Continental Crust: thick, lightweight crust under landmasses.

Oceanic Crust: thin, heavy crust under the seafloor.

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This person confirmed Wegner's ideas by using the evidence of seafloor spreading to explain what moved continents

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Harry Hess

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This person compared the position of the Sun's rays in 2 locations to calculate the spherical size of the Earth with reasonable accuracy

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Eratosthenes

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What does the core consist of and why is it important?

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Nickel and iron

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What does the mantle consist of and why is it important?

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Hot sludge rocks

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What does the crust consist of and why is it important?

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Light rocks such as basalts and granite