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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Infectious Disease
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Can be spread through contact with a carrier
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Genetic Disease
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A disease that is caused by the genes/DNA
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Lifestyle Disease
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A disease that is caused by lifestyle habits
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Environmental Disease
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A disease that is caused by one's surroundings
eg. uv leads to skin cancer |
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Pathogen
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A micro-organism that causes disease
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Bacteria
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Multiplies in the host, can create toxins
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Virus
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hijacks a cell and uses it to replicate other cells and spread.
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Fungi
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grows on living or dead tissue
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Protozoa
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invades and multiplies in blood stream
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Worms
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larvae penetrates blood stream
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Ways spread of disease is controlled
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Personal hygience eg. washing hands
Vaccines - building defense against a pathogen |
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First line of defence
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Physical barriers - skin, mucous membranes, cilia (trachea, bronchi), chemicals (stomach acid)
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Second line of defense
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the inflammation response and phagocytosis
the inflammation response increases blood flow to an infected areas, thus bringing more phagocytes and other disease-fighting cells to where they are needed. |
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Third Line
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the immune response – White blood cells called lymphocytes not only work to destroy the pathogen, but also continue to circulate as ‘memory cells’ after the infection so that any re-infection by the same pathogen results in a quicker response. B lymphocytes produce antibodies which immobilise pathogens and target them for destruction. T lymphocytes secrete chemicals which destroy pathogens within infected cells.
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Antigen
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a cell with a foreign surface molecule
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Body secretions
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get rid of pathogens and prevents pathogen growth eg. urine, mucous, oil, sweat
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Lymph System
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carries dead cells, waste products, pathogens to liver to filtrate from the body
lymphocites send out 'memory cells' |
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Phagocytosis
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white blood cells called phagocytes attack foreign substances and can engulf and destroy many pathogenic micro-organisms
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Inflammation
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hot, swollen, red
site becomes inflamed if pathogen enters |
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The Importance of Vaccination
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A small part of a disease is injected into your body so that your immune system can recognise it and destroy it if it enters again.
Build resistance. Diseases can die out because of no host. |
