Science - Chemistry Vocab Words

Front 1

Characteristic that describes a particular substance and how it behaves (e.g., colour, lustre, melting point, crystal shape, solubility, density). These properties can undergo a physical or chemical change

Back 1

Anything that has mass and occupies space. Can neither be created nor destroyed, it can only change form (laws of conservation of mass)

Front 2

Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System: a system of easy-to-see warning symbols on hazardous materials.

Back 2

Refers to the three common states in which matter can exist: solid, liquid, and gas.

Front 3

Change of state from a solid to a liquid

Back 3

Change of state from a liquid to a gas

Front 4

Change of state from a liquid to a solid

Back 4

Change of state from a solid to a gas or from a gas to a solid

Front 5

Change of state from a gas to a liquid

Back 5

Change of state from a gas to a solid

Front 6

any property that:
- describes the physical appearance and composition of a substance
- can be observed or measured without forming a new substance

Back 6

change in the appearance or state of a substance that does not change the composition - ex. water boiling
how do we know it is a physical change?
- no new substances are formed, the change is not permanent
- dissolving
- change state/shape
- color, texture, luster, smell, state, melting point, boiling point, ect.

Front 7

- description of how a substance interacts with other substances, such as acids; chemical properties are observable only when a chemical change occurs
- any property that describes how a substance reacts with another substance when forming a new substance
(S1 + S2 ---> Snew).

Back 7

change that results when two or more substances react to create a different substance or substances; the new substances have completely different properties from the original ones
how do we know when it is a chemical change?
- a new substance has been formed
- change is difficult, or impossible to reverse

Front 8

substance made of only one kind of matter, which has a unique set of properties
can exist in three states of matter: solid, liquid and gas

Back 8

pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances; substance made up of only one type of atom
ex. CARBON - C

Front 9

a table in which the elements are organized by their physical and chemical properties

Back 9

Chemical combination of two or more elements in a specific ratio

Front 10

combination of pure substances; unlike a compound, the components of a mixture do not combine chemically and are not always in the same ratio - 2 types of mixtures: Homogenous and Heterogenous

Back 10

homogeneous mixture; mixture of two or more pure substances that looks like one substance
ex. apple juice

Front 11

heterogeneous mixture;
mixture in which the different
substances that make up the mixture are visible
ex. chocolate chip cookies

Back 11

cloudy mixture in which tiny particles of one substance are held within another, and the
particles can be separated out
ex. paint

Front 12

cloudy mixture in which tiny particles of one substance are held within another and
particles cannot be separated out from the other substance
ex. milk

Back 12

the smallest part of an element that is representative of that element; a neutral particle made up of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, and in which the number of electrons equals the number of protons

Front 13

positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom
+ = proton

Back 13

neutral particle in the nucleus of an atom

Front 14

invisible negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom
- = electron

Back 14

orbit of electrons around the nucleus of an atom

Front 15

positively charged centre of an atom; contains protons and neutrons

Back 15

number of protons in the nucleus
of one atom of an element

Front 16

measure of atomic mass; 1 amu
is equal to 1/12th the mass of a carbon 12 atom

Back 16

group 17 elements in the periodic table; the most reactive non-metals

Front 17

group 18 elements in the periodic
table; the most stable and unreactive elements

Back 17

group 2 elements in the
periodic table; their reactivity is not as strong as that of the alkali metals

Front 18

group 1 elements in the periodic
table, not including hydrogen; the most reactive of the metals

Back 18

combination of symbols that
represent a compound; the formula identifies the elements in the compound and the amount of each element

Front 19

combination of symbols that
represent a compound; the formula identifies the elements in the compound and the amount of each element

Back 19

atom that has become electrically charged because it has lost or gained electrons; a positive ion is an atom that has lost one or more electrons;
a negative ion is an atom that has gained one or more electrons

Front 20

pure substance formed when at
least one metal and one non-metal combine
- in a ionic compound, electrons are transferred from one atom to another – which creates charged particles called ions
ex. NaF – Sodium fluoride

Back 20

pure substance formed when
non-metals combine
ex. Carbon monoxide - CO

Front 21

group of atoms joined by covalent bonds

Back 21

substance that reacts with another substance or substances in a chemical reaction to create new substances with different properties

Front 22

new substance produced in a chemical reaction between reactants

Back 22

a reaction that takes place when
two or more substances react to form new substances

Front 23

a structure in which DNA is arranged

Back 23

chemical reaction that occurs when oxygen reacts with a substance to form a new substance and give off energy

Front 24

slow chemical change that occurs when oxygen in the air reacts with a metal

Back 24

chemical reaction that takes
place in cells; food (sugar) reacts with oxygen to produce energy, water, and carbon dioxide

Front 25

an experiment in which one or more products of a chemical reaction can escape

Back 25

an experiment in which all reactants and all products of a chemical reaction are accounted for

Front 26

principle that matter is not
created or destroyed in a chemical reaction; the mass of the products always equals the mass of the reactants

Back 26

substance that helps a chemical reaction to proceed more quickly and aren't used up in the process - also called an enzyme

Front 27

Solute: The minor component in a solution, dissolved in the solvent.
ex. salt?

Back 27

Solvent: The liquid in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution.
ex. water?

Front 28

The outer most sheel in the bohr model

Back 28

- most numerous, conduct heat and electricity, shiny lustre (usually metallic grey or silver; except Cu and Au), solids at room temp. (except Hg, which is a liquid)
ex. Ni, Cu, K, Mg, Ag
*on the left side of the staircase

Front 29

- poor heat and electricity conductors (good insulators) (except c in the form of graphite), brittle, solids, liquids, or gases (only Br is a liquid)
ex. H, O, C, N, S
*on the right side of the metal

Back 29

- have properties that are in between metals and non-metals, poor heat conductors, solids, may conduct electricity
ex. Si, B, Ge

Front 30

Chemical reactions that RELEASES engery in these reactions, the reactants contain more energy than the products
ex. first, bombs, glow sticks

Back 30

chemical reaction that ABSORBS because the reactants contain less stored energy than the products
ex. ice pack

Front 31

the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water

Back 31

a compound containing only nonmetal atoms; held together by covalent bonds; made up of molecules

Front 32

the way two individuals relate to each other; "their chemistry was wrong from the beginning -- they hated each other"; "a mysterious alchemy brought them together"

Back 32

vertical column of elements in the periodic table; elements in a family all have similar chemical properties; also called a group - # on top of each group represents the number of valence electrons that each element in that group has