Science Chapter 8

Front 1

diamond

Back 1

crystalline form of carbon in which each carbon atom is bonded strongly to four other carbon atoms
hard solid
nonreactive

Front 2

fullerene

Back 2

carbon atoms arranged into the shape of a hollow sphere

Front 3

graphite

Back 3

each carbon atom is bonded tightly to three other carbon atoms in flat layers
bonds between layers are weak and slide past each other easily

Front 4

nanotube

Back 4

carbon atoms are arranged in the shape of a long, hollow cylinder
only a few nanometers wide in diameter
tiny, light, flexible and strong
good conductors of electricity and heat

Front 5

organic compound

Back 5

compounds that contain carbon

Front 6

hydrocarbon

Back 6

compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen

Front 7

structural formula

Back 7

shows the kind, number and arrangement of atoms in a molecule

Front 8

isomer

Back 8

compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structural formulas

Front 9

saturated hydrocarbon

Back 9

hydrocarbons with only single bonds between carbons
"filled up" with hydrogens

Front 10

unsaturated hydrocarbon

Back 10

hydrocarbons with double or triple bonds

Front 11

substituted hydrocarbon

Back 11

a hydrocarbon where atoms of other elements replace one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon

Front 12

hydroxyl group

Back 12

-OH

Front 13

alcohol

Back 13

substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more hydroxy groups

Front 14

organic acid

Back 14

substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more carboxyl groups

Front 15

carboxyl group

Back 15

-COOH

Front 16

ester

Back 16

compound made by combining an alcohol and an organic acid
have pleasant and fruity smells

Front 17

polymer

Back 17

a very large molecule that is made up of a chain of many smaller molecules bound together

Front 18

monomers

Back 18

the small molecules that make up a polymer

Front 19

protein

Back 19

a polymer made up of amino acids

Front 20

amino acid

Back 20

monomer that is the building block of a protein

Front 21

plastics

Back 21

synthetic polymer that can be molded or shaped
made from coal or oil

Front 22

composite

Back 22

combines two or more substances in a new material with different properties
usually combine one or more polymer

Front 23

carbohydrate

Back 23

an energy rich, organic compound made of the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Front 24

glucose

Back 24

simple carbohydrate with the chemical formula C6H12O6
called "blood sugar" because blood circulates glucose to cells in the body through the bloodstream

Front 25

complex carbohydrate

Back 25

polymer made up of simple carbohydrates bonded to one another
starch
cellulose

Front 26

starch

Back 26

the molecule that plants store energy in
energy released by breaking down starch allows the body to function

Front 27

cellulose

Back 27

the complex carbohydrate plants use to build strong stems and roots

Front 28

lipids

Back 28

energy rich compounds made of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
made of three fatty acids and an alcohol called glycerol
fats, oils and cholesterol

Front 29

fatty acids

Back 29

a monomer of a fat or oil

Front 30

cholesterol

Back 30

waxy substance found in animal cells
used to build cell structures and to form compounds that serve as chemical messengers

Front 31

nucleic acids

Back 31

very large organic molecules made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and phosphorus
DNA and RNA

Front 32

DNA

Back 32

deoxyribonucleic acid

Front 33

RNA

Back 33

ribonucleic acid

Front 34

nucleotides

Back 34

building blocks of nucleic acids