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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does DNA stand for? |
Deoxyribonucleic acid |
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DNA consists of four different building blocks called? |
Nucleotides |
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What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA? |
adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosis (A,T,G,C) |
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Gene |
A segment of DNA that codes for a single protein. |
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Mutation |
When DNA is copied incorrectly |
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Genetics |
It is the study of how traits are inherited |
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Mitosis |
The process that produces body cells, such as skin cells, that have a full set of chromosomes. |
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Allele |
Each form of a gene for a particular trait |
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Meiosis |
The process that produces sex cells, which have one-half the complete number of chromosomes. |
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Dominant allele |
One whose trait always shows up when the organism has the allele. |
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Recessive allele |
An allele whose trait is expressed in the phenotype only if the organism's alleles are both for the recessive trait. Its always hidden by the dominant allele. |
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The combination of alleles that an organism has for a particular trait. |
Genotype |
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The state in which the two alleles are different (Ff or fF) |
Heterozygous |
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Homozygous |
The state in which both alleles are the same. (FF or ff) |
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The generic characteristics of an organism that can be seen and measured. |
Phenotype |
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Simple inheritance |
Inheritance that involves one set of alleles that produce only two kinds of phenotypes. |
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A trait that requires only one dominant allele. |
Complete dominance |
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Punnett Square |
A table used to help predict the likelihood of genotypes that can be passed from parents to offspring |
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Complex inheritance |
Patterns of inheritance that differ from simple patterns of inheritance. Traits results from the influence of multiple factors. |
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Incomplete inheritance |
A situation in which neither alleles is dominant and the phenotype shows a blend of characteristics from both expressed alleles. |
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When more than two allele forms exist for a trait |
Multiple alleles |
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Codominance |
A pattern of inheritance where multiple alleles can have more than one dominant trait expressed. |
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A trait that is determined by the alleles on a sex chromosome |
sex-linked trait |
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When a parent organism carries only one allele for a certain trait |
Hemizygous |
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Quality of some traits where several genes are involved, and those genes have multiple alleles. |
Polygenic |
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Selective breeding |
A method of getting offspring with new abilities that are desired by having parents with certain traits reproduce. |
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Genetic engineering |
The ability to select a gene from one kind of organism and insert it into the genetic make-up of another. |
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Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) |
An organism that expresses a trait received from the DNA of another kind of living thing. |
