Science Chapt 2 April 07

Front 1

the earth's supply of fresh water is renewed by
precipitation or evaporation

Back 1

precipitation

Front 2

lichens are important early contributors to
pioneer species or succession

Back 2

succession

Front 3

during _____, carbon is returned to the environment
succession or decomposition

Back 3

succession

Front 4

during _____, the carbon in coal, oil and natural gas is returned to the atmosphere
combustion or decomposition

Back 4

combustion

Front 5

water helps with the regulation of body temperature through perspiration and ______
precipitation or evaporation

Back 5

evaporation

Front 6

which are true?
a. matter is lost in each cycle
b. human activity has little or no impact on cycles
c. each cycle involves evaporation and condensation
d. matter is moved between the physical environment and living organisms

Back 6

d. matter is moved between the physical environment and living organisms

Front 7

most of the precipitation that falls to the earth's surface:
a. falls directly into oceans
b. remains in ponds and lakes
c. sees into underground rock formations
d. quickly evaporates into the atmosphere

Back 7

a. falls directly into oceans

Front 8

which of the following best describes a plant that is suited to being a pioneer species?
a. tall; produces few seeds
b. grows quickly; makes many seeds
c. fragile; cannot tolerate direct sunlight
d. grows slowly; seeds dispersed by animals

Back 8

b. grows quickly; makes many seeds

Front 9

which of the following substances must be chemically transformed before it can be used by plants?
a. oxygen
b. carbon dioxide
c. nitrogen gas
d. water

Back 9

c. nitrogen gas

Front 10

carbon from the nonliving enrionment becomes a part of living organisms through:
a. photosynthesis
b. respiration
c. transpiration
d. absorption

Back 10

a. photosynthesis

Front 11

the first plants to grow on abandoned farmland would be:
a. ferns
b. shrubs
c. mosses
d. weedy plants

Back 11

d. weedy plants

Front 12

what role does bacteria play in the nitrogen cycle?

Back 12

bacteria changes the the nitrogen gas into forms that plants can use so they can make food and give food to other animals

Front 13

what is pollution

Back 13

the presence of a harmful substance in the environment

Front 14

what is renewable resource

Back 14

a natural resource that can be used and replaced over a short time period

Front 15

what is nonrenewable resource

Back 15

a natural resource that cannot be replaced or that can be replaced only over 1,000's or millions of years

Front 16

what is overpopulation

Back 16

a condition that occurs when the number of individuals within an environment becomes so large that there are not enough resources to support them

Front 17

what is biodiversity

Back 17

the number and variety of living things

Front 18

what is biodegradable

Back 18

capable of being broken down by the environment

Front 19

what is conservation

Back 19

the wise use of and preservation of natural resources

Front 20

what is recycling

Back 20

the process of making new products from reprocessed and used products

Front 21

what is resource recovery

Back 21

the process of transforming into useable products normally thrown away

Front 22

what is precipitation

Back 22

when water falls from clouds in rain, snow, sleep and hail

Front 23

what is evaporation

Back 23

when water is turned from a liquid to a gas

Front 24

what is groundwater

Back 24

water that has soaked into the ground

Front 25

what is decomposition

Back 25

the breaking down of dead materials into carbon dioxide and water

Front 26

what is combustion

Back 26

the carbon in coal, oil and natural gases return into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide when they are burned

Front 27

what is succession

Back 27

the gradual regrowh or development of a community over time

Front 28

what is pioneer species

Back 28

the first organisms to grow in an area undergoing ecological succession

Front 29

water located within the rocks below the earth's surface

Back 29

groundwater

Front 30

anything that has volume and mass

Back 30

matter

Front 31

the burning of fuel

Back 31

combustion

Front 32

the development of a community where no life had existed before

Back 32

primary succession

Front 33

the process of changing atmospheric nitrogen into forms that plants can use

Back 33

nitrogen fixation

Front 34

sugar molecules are broken down to release energy

Back 34

composition

Front 35

the movement of carbon through the environment and living things

Back 35

carbon cycle

Front 36

water, in solid or liquid form, that falls from the atmosphere to the earth

Back 36

precipitation

Front 37

the movement of water among the oceans, atmosphere, land and living things

Back 37

water cycle

Front 38

the ecological development of a community

Back 38

succession

Front 39

the breakdown of dead materials

Back 39

decomposition

Front 40

the movement of nitrogen through the environemnt and living organisms

Back 40

nitrogen cycle

Front 41

the redevelopment of a community aften an ecological distrubance

Back 41

succession

Front 42

the first species to colonize a lifeless area

Back 42

pioneer species

Front 43

the matter in your body has been on earth only snce the time you were born
t or f

Back 43

false

Front 44

all of the following are true about matter EXCEPT:
A. it occupies space and has mass
b. it is used over and over again
c. only living things contain matter
d. each kind of matter has its own cycle

Back 44

c. only living things contain matter

Front 45

the water cycle is the movement of water among the atmosphere, the land, the ocean and _______

Back 45

living things

Front 46

when water vapor cools and forms a liquid

Back 46

condensation

Front 47

when heat changes water from a liquid to a vapor

Back 47

evaporation

Front 48

snow, sleet, hail and rain

Back 48

precipitation

Front 49

when animals and plants return moisture to the atmosphere

Back 49

transpiration

Front 50

t or f
all water, except ground water, eventually returns to the atmosphere

Back 50

false

Front 51

t or f
ground water is found below earth's surface

Back 51

true

Front 52

what percentage of your body is made of water:
25%
50%
70%
95%

Back 52

70%

Front 53

how does carbon move from the air into living things?

Back 53

through photosynthesis.

Front 54

in a process called decomposition, carbon is returned to the atmosphere through the burning of fossil fuels. t or f

Back 54

false

Front 55

the living things that remove nitrogen gas from the atmosphere during nitrogen fixation are:
a. bacteria
b. humans
c. plants
d. animals

Back 55

a. bacteria

Front 56

humans get the nitrogen they need by eating plants and animals that contain nitrogen t or f

Back 56

true

Front 57

if you were able to travel back in time and visit yellowstone national park in the summer of 1988 what would you see?

Back 57

i would see large areas of the park burned to the ground. when the fires were put out, a layer of gray, ash blanked on the forest floor. most of the trees were dead.

Front 58

t or f
the process by which plant covered rock slowly turns into soil is known as primary succession

Back 58

false

Front 59

t or f
lichens contain acids that can break rocks apart

Back 59

true

Front 60

lichens are called ______ species because they are the first organism to live on a rock

Back 60

pioneer

Front 61

in primary succesion, a forest could grow after:
a. a few years
b. 50 years
c. a human lifetime
d. thousands of years
d. a million years

Back 61

d. thousands of years

Front 62

there re more species in the (earlier or later) stages of succession?

Back 62

later

Front 63

Look at the figure on pag. 37 why wouldn't a stable hardwood forest develop in this type of environment?

Back 63

the area doesn't have a climate that would support a hardwood

Front 64

what is the bad news about our planet earth

Back 64

the earth is being polluted with our garbage. It is harming and killing everything on the earth

Front 65

all of the following can be pollutants except:
a. chemicals
b. water
c. noise
d. heat

Back 65

b. water

Front 66

how much trash does the average american throw away in a week?
1 kg
2 kg
12 kg
14 kg

Back 66

c. 12 kg

Front 67

waste that is harmful to _____ and the environment is hazardous waste

Back 67

humans

Front 68

name three hazardous wastes you might have in your home

Back 68

paints, batteries detergents

Front 69

it is always illegal to bury hazardous wastes t or f

Back 69

false

Front 70

how do individuals and industries get rid of trash? *circle all that apply*
a. take it to landfills
b. dump it into rivers
c. bury it
d. burn it

Back 70

a b c

Front 71

when and how did most people first become aware of the dangers of pesticides

Back 71

by rading rachel carson's book in 1962

Front 72

t or f
the destruction of the layer of ozone that protects the earth from ultraviolet light is caused by cfc's

Back 72

true

Front 73

today, cfc's are commonly used in refrigerators and plastics

Back 73

false

Front 74

pcb's are poisonous

Back 74

true

Front 75

the use of pcb's is now banned

Back 75

true

Front 76

in the environment, pcb's break down rapidly

Back 76

false

Front 77

which of the following can exposure to radioactive wastes cause in humans?
a. sickle cell anemia
b. cancer
c. leukemia
d. birth defects

Back 77

b. cancer
c. leukemia
d. birth defects

Front 78

it only takes 100 years for radioactive wastes to become harmless t or f

Back 78

false

Front 79

place the following events related to global temperature in the correct order.
__flooding of coastal areas
__increase in global temp
__increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
__melting of polar icecaps

Back 79

4
2
1
3

Front 80

what are the possible negative effects of noise pollution

Back 80

the loss of the ability to hear and think

Front 81

identify each resource as renewable or nonrenewable:
fresh water
fossil fuels
oil
solar energy
many minerals

Back 81

R fresh water
NR fossil fues
NR oil
R solar energy
NR many minerals

Front 82

why are some renewable resources like underground water an soil becoming nonrenewable?
a. underground water and soil form quickly
b. people are using them up faster than they can be replaced
c. there has been an increase in biodiversity
d. these resources are not naturally renewable, as was previously thought

Back 82

b. people are using them up faster than they can be replaced

Front 83

how do humans help spread organisms around the world

Back 83

by boats, cars, airplanes, plants, animals, seeds being transported

Front 84

alien species are organisms that arent' native to a geographical area t or f

Back 84

true

Front 85

give an example of how an alien species can cause damage to the environment

Back 85

by driving out native species and the purple loosestrife is choking out vegetation

Front 86

some ppl think that there are too many people on the earth today because there are many people who don't have enough food to eat t or f

Back 86

false

Front 87

do you thik the earth will be able to support 14 billion people in the year 2100? why or why not

Back 87

no, i don't think the earth will be able to support because we have almost reached our carrying capacity so we may run out of food and natural resources that we need to survive. earth is eing overpopulated

Front 88

______ of life" is the meaning of the word biodiversity

Back 88

variety

Front 89

if a habitat is destroyed...
a. certain plant species always becomes extinct
b. certain animal species always become extinct
c. the plants and animals will flourish elsewhere
d. biodiversity is lost

Back 89

d. biodiversity is lost

Front 90

t or f
trees once covered three times as much land as they do today

Back 90

false

Front 91

because topsoil has few ____, little can grow on the land after tropical rain forests have been cleared

Back 91

nutrients

Front 92

why is the preservation of wetlands important to humans:
a. wetlands help control flooding
b. wetlands help prevent soil erosion
c. wetlands are a source of land for new construction sites
d. wetlands filter pollutants from flowing water

Back 92

a, b, d

Front 93

plastics are harmful to animals and the environment because they are not _____

Back 93

biodegradeable

Front 94

pollution that occured 30 years ago can affect your health today t or f

Back 94

true

Front 95

the three r's of conservation stand for:

Back 95

reuse, reduce, and recycle

Front 96

how is using a cloth shopping bag reducing the need for natural resources

Back 96

a cloth bag can be washed over and over and does not rip so it can be reused. Whereas, plastic bags are vry thin and rip easily so they are not meant to be used again and again

Front 97

how much of the waste produced in cities is from packaging?
a. one half
b. one third
c. one fourth
d. two thirds

Back 97

b. one third

Front 98

organic farmers do not use _____ and _____ fertilizers

Back 98

pestices and chemical

Front 99

which of the following is NOT an alternative power source?
a. falling water
b. winds
c. tides
d. coal

Back 99

d. coal

Front 100

a citizen of the us produces ____ times more garbage than a citizen of a developing country

Back 100

40

Front 101

_____ plants and _______ animals can clean waste water for reuse

Back 101

green plants and filter feeding

Front 102

what can reclaimed water be used for?
a. drinking
b. watering lawns
c. cooking
d. making ice cubes

Back 102

b. watering lawns

Front 103

what is the dif between recycling and reusing

Back 103

recycling requires breaking down trash and using it again while reusing is trying to reuse things over and over so they arent sent to the landfills or put into the ground

Front 104

what are two household items that can be recycled

Back 104

milk cartons pop bottles

Front 105

half a million trees are used to print sunday newspapers every week t or f

Back 105

true

Front 106

resource recovery is the process of
a. transforming garbage into nuclear power
b. transforming garbage into electricty
c. water reclamation
d. recycling bottles and cans

Back 106

b. transforming garbage into electricty

Front 107

biodiversity...
a. helps to keep communities stable
b. occurs when a geographic aea contains only one species
c. has no effect on the environment

Back 107

a. helps to keep communities stable

Front 108

t or f
individual species are protected by the endangered species act

Back 108

true

Front 109

the endangered species act does not require the development of programs that help endangered species recover

Back 109

false