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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Organic Compounds
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Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic acid
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Isomers
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carbon compounds with the same formula but different structural arrangements
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Trans fat or hydrogenated fats
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TF- unsaturated fat that acts like saturated fats (because hydrogens are on opposite sides of the double bond)
HF- they break the double bond and add hydrogen to available spaces where it broke (turns to regular saturated) |
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Primary
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Sequence of amino acids in the chain
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Secondary
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coiling or folding of the chain due to hydrogen bonding
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Tertiary
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the overall three-dimensional shape of the protein
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Quaternary
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association between two or more subunits (individual chains)
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What organics group is 1:2:1?
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Carbohydrates
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What organic group is NOT 1:2:1?
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Lipids
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Triglycerides: hydrophilic or hydrophobic and why
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Hydrophobic
Because unsaturated (glycerol and three fatty acids) |
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functional groups
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hydroxyl: alcohol
conbonyl: middle->keytone carboxyl: organic acid/gives H+ amino: amines & amino acids methyl: non polar phosphate: involved in energy transfers |
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1 Starch
2 chitin 3 cellulose 4 glycogen |
1 plants
2 insects, fungi, crabs 3 plant cells 4 animals |
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Catalysts
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speeds up the reaction without changing itself
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peptide bonds
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amino acids join together by dehydration synthesis
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forms between the amino group of one acid and the carboxyl of another
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dehydration synthesis
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connecting of two monomers, producing a water molecule
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hydrolysis
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OPPOSITE OF DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS
adding in of water molecules to break up polymer chain |
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Structural Proteins
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proteins that make up structures
(Ex: Hair) |
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Phospholipids
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-Major component of cell membranes
-Similar to fats: glycerol+2 fatty acids+phosphate - A. Hydrophilic phosphate head B. Hydrophobic fatty acid tail (forms phospholipid bilayer) |
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Steroids
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-Carbon skeleton contains 4 fused rings
-Includes: A. cholesterol (cell membranes) B. steroid hormones (testosterone & estrogen) |
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Anabolic Steroids
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Synthetic variants of testosterone
Effects: shrinking of testes, infertility, negative personality changes |
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Denature
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when the DNA or RNA have not been changed but the cell changed
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Saturated & Unsaturated
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Saturated: no double bonds between carbons
Unsaturated: has double bonds between carbons |
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functional groups and where you find them
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HYDROPHILIC
hydroxyl- OH HYDROPHOBIC carbonyl- C=O carboxyl- COOH amino- NH2 methyl- CH3 phosphate- OPO3 |
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