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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? |
Eukaryotic cells are multicellular and live inside animals. Prokaryotic cells and single cellular and live inside bacteria |
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What is the triangle or formula for magnification? |
Image size / magnification Image size / real size Magnification * real size |
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What is the difference between light microscope and electron microscope? |
Electron can see up to 2,000,000 times and light can see up to 2,000 times |
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What is a differentiation? |
It's a cell which changes to become specialised for its job |
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What organisms have differentiation cells? |
Only animal cells at a young age never plant cells. |
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What are sperm, nerve, muscle, root hair and phloem and xylem cells specialised for? |
Sperm - reproduction Nerve - rapid signalling (electric) Muscle - contraction Root hair - absorb water and minerals Phloem and xylem - transporting substances |
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How many chromosome do you have? |
46, 23 pairs |
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What are chromosomes made up of? |
DNA |
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What happens during mitosis? |
The cells chromosomes multiply and the nucleus splits making two daughter cells |
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What are stem cells? |
Stem cells have the ability to change into a different cell |
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Where can you find stem cells? |
In bone marrow and in embryos |
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Which stem cell can change into more cells than the other? |
Embryo stem cells can change into lots more than bone marrow stem cells |
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Why are people against embryo duplication for stem cells? |
People believe that the stem cell is like controlling who lives and dies and killing potential humans life and it can be religious by playing the role of god . |
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What can stem cells treat? |
Leukaemia, diabetes and damaged tissues |
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What is diffusion? |
The gradual moment of particles from a high concentration to an area of low concentration. |
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What can change the speed or diffusion? |
The higher temperature the faster the diffusion |
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What is osmosis? |
Exactly the same as diffusion but passes water through a partially permeable membrane |
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What is active transport? |
The gradual movement of particles from a lower to a higher concentration. |
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How does diffusion help with the environment? |
It takes in substances needed and get rid of waste products e.g oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged through gas exchange |
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How to you measure volume? |
Length x width x height |
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Give examples of gas exchange |
Gills on a fish, structure of leaves |
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How are cells tissues and organs linked? |
Cells are organised into tissues, tissues into organs, organs into organ system |
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What are enzymes? |
Enzymes are catalysts produced by living things to either split or join things won't it's active site |
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What is the rate of reaction? |
Rate = 1000 divided by time |
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How do enzymes help the digestive system? |
They break down big molecules like starch and fat so they can be digested e.g protease into amino acids |
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How does the digestive system work? |
Salivary glands to gullet, gullet to stomach, stomach to small intestine, intestine to rectum |
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What is chromatography? |
To separate a mixture |
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What tests do you need to carry out for sugar, starch, proteins and lipids? |
Sugar - Benedicts test Starch - iodine solution Proteins - biuret test Lipids - Sundan 3 test |
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How does alveoli help the lungs? |
Carries out gas exchange |
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How does the heart help us? |
Pumps blood around the body, left side oxeygenated blood Right side deoxygenated blood |
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What are blood vessels? |
Arteries - carries blood away Capillaries - exchange of materials Veins - blood to the heart |
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What does blood carry? |
White blood cells -fights infections Plasma - carries all Platelets - helps blood clot |
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What do atoms contain ? |
Protons , neutrons and electrons |
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What are elements? |
A group of atoms that contain the same atom |
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What are compounds? |
When elements react and combine |
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What is the chemical equation for magnesium oxide? |
2mg + o2 2mgo (has to be balanced) |
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What do atoms contain ? |
Protons , neutrons and electrons |
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What are elements? |
A group of atoms that contain the same atom |
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What is distillation? |
Separation of solutions |
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What is a atom? |
What everything is made up of |
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What are group 1 elements? |
Reactive soft metals |
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What are group 7 elements? |
Non-metal wing coloured vapours |
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What are group 0 elements? |
Inert, colourless gases |
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What is an electron configuration? |
A diagram of the number of electrons on the shell of the atom |
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What is the shell number for calcium? |
2,8,8,2 |
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What is ionic bonding? |
When a metal and non metal reacts together |
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What is covalent bonding? |
When non metal atoms react together |
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What are simple molecular substances? |
When Molecules with a few atoms joIn together by covalent bonding |
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What are polymers? |
Long chains of repeating units (e.g. Diamond) |
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What is metallic bonding? |
The sea of electrons in the metal atoms charge the metal atom |
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What are the three states of matter? |
Solid, liquid, gas. |
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How do u work out relative formula mass? |
Mass = mole x atomic mass |
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How do you work out rate or reaction? |
Rate or reaction = ammount of product \ time |
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List 7 types of energy |
Thermal, kinetic, gravitational potential, elastic potential, chemical, magnetic, nuclear |
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How do u woke out kinetic energy? |
Kinetic energy = 1/2 x mass x speed(squared) |
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How do u work out efficiency? |
Efficiency = useful output energy \ total energy |
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Name the symbol for : |
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How do u work out potential difference? |
V = A x R (ohms) |
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What is in a series circuit? |
Same current, different voltage |
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What is in a parallel circuit? |
Different current, same voltage |
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What charge for protons, eletrons and neutron |
P = + N= 0 E= - |
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How do you carry out crystallisation? |
Place the oxide into diluted sulphuric acid in a beaker and stir. Place that into a funnel so the excess copper oxide can't dissolve through the filter paper. Use a Bunsen burner to heat up the reactived oxide with the sulphuric acid. The excess water will evaporate leaving the crystals behind. |
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What is a stent and how do they help the heart |
Artificial tube to put in artieries that’s deposits fat build up and makes more space |
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How does an arricfisl heart help |
Pump blood and are not likely to be rejected but they can cause bleeding and infection as the motor can fail |
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What are statins and their dis/advantages |
Drugs that’s reduce bad cholesterol, reduce risk of strokes and prevents other diseases but they’re long term and have negative side effects |
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What is epidermal tissue, palisade mesophyll, dingy mesophyll and guess cells |
1 transparent so the sunlight can get in 2 contains choloplast and at the top so it can get light 3 has air space to allow gas exchange 4 a |
