Science Biology Vocabulary

Front 1

Organelles

Back 1

Organelles are tiny cell structures that carry out specific functions within the cell. Each organelle has a different function.

Front 2

Cell wall

Back 2

The cell wall is a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms. It is found in plant cells and in bacteria. It supports and protects.

Front 3

Cell Membrane

Back 3

After the cell wall there is the cell membrane. All cells have cell membranes. In cells with cell walls, the cell membrane is located just inside the cell wall. In other cells, the cell membrane forms the outside boundary that separates the cell from its environment. Controls what substances enter + leave the cell.

Front 4

Nucleus

Back 4

The nucleus acts like the brain of the cell. It looks like a large, oval structure. It directs the cell's activities including reproduction.

Front 5

Cytoplams

Back 5

The Cytoplam is the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus. There's thick, gel-like fluid in the cytoplasm which is constantly moving. Many cell organelles are found in the cytoplasm. It also suspends the organelles, and dissolves important chemicals needed for life.

Front 6

Mitochondria

Back 6

Mitochondria are known as the 'powerhouses' of the cell because they convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions.The mitochondria needs oxygen to get the energy out of food.

Front 7

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 7

The Endoplasmic Reticulum's passageways carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another.
Rough ER: transports proteins from ribosomes to the Golgi body. It is covered with ribosomes.
Smooth ER: produces and transports facts throughout the cell.

Front 8

Ribosome

Back 8

Ribosomes are attached to the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum. They are small, grainlike bodies. They work as factories to produce proteins. They read the RNA to make the proteins.

Front 9

Golgi Body

Back 9

The golgi body recieves the proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, package them, and distribute them to other parts of the cell, like:
- outside of the cell
- membrane
- lysosome

Front 10

Choroplasts

Back 10

Site of photosynthesis, which is making food from sunlight energy, and co2. Oxygen is a waste product.

Front 11

Vacuoles

Back 11

Vacuoles are the storage areas of cells. Plant cells usually have one large vacuole. Some animal cells do not have vacuoles; others do. If they do, they have many small ones. They store food, waste, and water.

Front 12

Lysosomes

Back 12

Lysosomes are small, round structures contain digestive enzymes that break down old, worn out organelles. and big food particles.

Front 13

All cells have

Back 13

cell membrane
cytoplasm
DNA
ribosomes

Front 14

Chromatin

Back 14

(DNA + histone proteins)
The chromatin contains genetic material (DNA). It also contains instructions for running the cell. The instructions are called: genes. The copies of genes are called: RNA.

Front 15

Nuclear Envelope

Back 15

The nuclear envelope is the outer shell of the nucleus. It protects the chromatin. Materials pass in and out through the pores (the "holes" in the nuclear envelope).

Front 16

Nucleolus

Back 16

It produces ribosomes.