Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
DNA |
deoxyribonucleic acid. a self-replicating material in nearly all living organisms |
|
|
chromosomes |
thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells |
|
|
nucleotide |
compound consisting of a 5 sided sugar linked to a phosphate group |
|
|
amino acid |
used in every cell of your body to build the proteins you need to survive |
|
|
enzyme |
catalysts which speed up chemical reactions, but remain unchanged themselves. |
|
|
protein |
made from groups of amino acids and do most of the work in cells (structure, function, and regulation) |
|
|
karyotypes |
a test to identify and evaluate the size, shape, and number of chromosomes |
|
|
homologous pairs |
chromosomes having the same genes at the same loci but possibly different alleles. |
|
|
sex chromosomes |
x or y chromosomes that decide the sex of a human |
|
|
meiosis |
cell reproduction to form gametes |
|
|
gametes |
Gametes are the cells used during sexual reproduction to produce a new individual organism or zygote |
|
|
autosome |
Any chromosome not considered as a sex chromosome |
|
|
mutation |
DNA gene is damaged or changed in such a way as to alter the genetic message carried |
|
|
mutagen |
environmental factors that increase risk of mutation |
|
|
sexual reproduction |
the action of bringing gametes together to create a zygote |
|
|
asexual reproduction |
reproduction with only one parent who has both |
|
|
zygote |
gametes combine into a zygote (sperm + egg --> fertilisation = zygote) |
|
|
haploid |
- half the chromosome number - 23 chromosomes - meiosis |
|
|
diploid |
- full chromosome number - 23 PAIRS of homologous chromosome - meiosis |
|
|
allele |
the variant form of a given gene |
|
|
homozygous |
an individual with two identical alleles for a particular gene is said to be homozygous |
|
|
heterozygous |
an individual with two different alleles for a particular gene is said to be heterozygous |
|
|
dominant allel |
an allele that determines the phenotype of heterozygotes |
|
|
recessive allel |
an allele that will only show as the phenotype when the genotype is homozygous |
|
|
phenotype |
the chosen allele type that has changes on an organism |
|
|
polypeptide |
A series of amino acids joined by peptide bonds form a polypeptide chain |
