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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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matter
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anything that takes up SPACE and has MASS
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element
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pure substance
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trace elements
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makes up less than .01% of your body mass
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compound
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substance containing 2 or more elements (chemically combined in a fixed ratio)
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atom
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smallest particle of an element
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proton
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subatomic particle with a POSITIVE electric charge; found in nucleus
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electron
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subatomic particle with a NEGATIVE electric charge; found outside nucleus
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neutron
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subatomic particle with no electric charge; found in nucleus
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nucleus
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central core of atom; contains protons and neutrons
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atomic #
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amount of PROTONS in an atom; all atoms of a particular element have the same number of protons
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isotope
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any of two or more forms of a chemical element, having the same number of protons, but having different numbers of neutrons
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ionic bond
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occurs when an atom TRANSFERS an electron to another atom
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covalent bond
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occurs when 2 atoms SHARE electrons
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cohesion
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tendency for molecules of the same kind to STICK to one another
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ion
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atoms that have become electrically charged as a result of GAINING or LOSING electrons
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atomic mass
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the mass of an atom expresed in ATOMIC MASS UNITS (AMUs; atomic weight
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thermal energy
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total amount of energy associated with the RANDOM MOVEMENT of atoms and molecules in a sample of matter; heat energy
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chemical reactions
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changes resulting in the form of one or more substances
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reactants
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starting materials for reactions
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polar molecule
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a molecule in which opposite ends have OPPOSITE ELECTRICAL CHARGES
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hydrogen bond
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occurs when a HYDROGEN atom of one molecule is attracted to an electronegative atom, especially a nitrogen, oxygen, or flourine atom, usually of another molecule.
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adhesion
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attraction that occurs between UNLIKE MOLECULES
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3 Types of Chemical Bonds
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Covalent, Ionic, Hydrogen
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