Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Define Caustic
|
Burns skin (wear safety equipment)
|
|
|
Define Volatile
|
Easily vaporizes (you breathe it in easily)
|
|
|
What two factors make an acid or base harmful?
|
pH level
Concentration |
|
|
The term acid come from what latin word? what does it mean?
|
Acidus - meaning sour
|
|
|
what acid is found in aspirin?
|
acetyl salicyde
|
|
|
what acid is found in vinegar?
|
acetic avid
|
|
|
what acid is found in fruit?
|
citric
|
|
|
What is an antacid? What are some example
|
they are bases used to absorb acids and raise pH level. some examples are tums, rolaids, milk of magnesia
|
|
|
What will strong acids completely do in water? What does this mean?
|
Strong acids will completely disassociate in water. This means that they break apart into the ions they are made of.
|
|
|
why will strong acids conduct electricity better than weak acids.
|
they conduct electricity better because they break apart into ions. the stronger the acid, the more ions are made. the more ions are made, the better electricity is conducted
|
|
|
what are the three strongest acids?
|
HCl (hydrochloric/muriatic)
H2SO4 (sulfuric) HNO3 (nitric) |
|
|
What ions do acids create in a solution / what do they donate in a chemical reaction?
|
they create hydronium ions / donate protons
|
|
|
What do acids attack
|
metals
|
|
|
What are the two ways of naming acids?
|
Binary:
composed of two elements: hydrogen and a nonmetal first is hytro then the change the suffix of the nonmetal to "ic" Ternary: made of three elements: hydrogen, nonmetal, and oxygen take away the hydrogen and oxygen and name the nonmetal with the suffix "ic" |
|
|
How are bases made?
|
bases are made by adding water to any alkali/alkaline earth metal
|
|
|
What were bases originally called)
|
Alkaline (asn)
|
|
|
what taste do bases have?
|
bitter
|
|
|
what ion to bases create when mixed in a solution / what do the accept?
|
hydroxide / protons
|
|
|
how do bases make things feel?
|
slippery
|
|
|
what do bases attack
|
they attack/emulsify/destroy oils
|
|
|
what are bases used for
|
soap, drain openers, paper industry, any cleaning supply
|
|
|
what are the two ways of naming bases?
|
using the whole name of the first element (metal) and then adding hydroxide if it ends it ends in OH or adding carbonate if it ends on CO3
|
|
|
what is the product of an acid and a base?
|
salt
|
|
|
what does phenolphthalein test for? (what colors does it change)
|
acid - clear
base - hot pink |
|
|
what does universal solution test for? (what colors does it change)
|
acid - red
base - blue neutral - green |
|
|
what does litmus paper test for? (what colors does it change)
|
base - blue
acid - red |
|
|
do salts always contain sodium
|
NO!
|
|
|
what is the pH of a salt
|
NEUTRAL
7 |
|
|
what is acid rain
|
rain with a pH below 5
|
|
|
why is salt bad for your car?
|
salts oxidize metals
|
|
|
is salt dangerous for your skin
|
some can be
wear gloves! |
|
|
how is acid rain made?
|
when carbon dioxide/sulfur dioxide form the atmosphere combine with water vapor
|
|
|
where does the sulfur dioxide / carbon dioxide in the air come form?
|
volcanoes, burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas), animals
|
|
|
what are the effects of acid rain on earth?
|
kills vegetation, less fish and lower animals in the food chain, caves are formed, limestone deteriorates
|
|
|
how can someone raise the pH level of grass or something
|
liming - adding limestone
|
|
|
what is an amphoteric solution
|
something that can behave as an acid or a base
|
|
|
what does pH stand for?
|
concentration of hydrogen
|
|
|
what is nitric acid used for (video)
|
explosives, fertilizer
|
|
|
what is sulfuric acid used for? (video)
|
dehydration, cleaning, fertilizer, attacks aluminum
|
|
|
what is hydrochloric (muriatic) acid used for? (video)
|
gelatin, film emulsions, pharmaceuticals, golf balls
|
|
|
what is acetic acid used for (video)
|
vinegar, pickles, salad dressing, ketchup, preservative
|
|
|
what is phosphoric acid used for? (video)
|
electropolishing, sterilizing
|
|
|
what is aqua regia made up of? and what was it used for
|
(hydrochloric and nitric) used to recover precious metals)
|
|
|
what is released when acids are added to water?
|
heat
|
|
|
what are pennies made of today
|
zinc/copper
|
|
|
why do onions hurt your eyes?
|
the release sulfur dioxide which reacts with the water in your eyes to create sulfuric acid
|
