Science 8 -Objective 3 Properties Of Matter

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Matter

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anything that has mass and occupies space. All matter is made up of elements, compounds or a mixture of elements and compounds

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Mass

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can be measured with a triple beam balance

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Volume

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can be measured by l x w x h or a graduated cylinder

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Solid

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a state of matter with a defiant shape and volume

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Liquid

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a state of matter with no defiant shape but a defiant volume

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Gas

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a state of matter with no defiant shaper or volume

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0o

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freezing point/melting point

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100o

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boiling point/condensation point

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Physical change

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a change in the states of matter

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Chemical Change

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a change in the bonds between the atoms of compounds

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Atom

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the smallest particle of an element. In their stable state atoms are neutral, in that6 they have the same number of positive protons as they do negative electrons

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Element

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a particle that is made up of two or more atoms (O2)

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Nucleus

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the center of an atom that contains protons with a positive charge and neutral neutrons

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Protons

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is a subatomic particle with an electrical charge of +1

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Neutron

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is a subatomic particle located in the center of the atom, with no charge

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Electron

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is a subatomic particle with an electrical change of -1 found outside of the nucleus

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Valence electrons

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the outermost electrons in an atom

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Chemical symbol

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an abbreviation of the name of an element

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Atomic number

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the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom

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Mass number

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the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom

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Periodic table

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an arrangement of elements in a table according tot their atomic numbers and physical properties

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Group

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a set of elements in one column in the periodic table. Elements in the same group have similar properties

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Family

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a set of elements in one row in the periodic table. These elements with similar energy levels

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Ion

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an atom that has gained or lost electrons which gives it a charge

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Isotope

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an element contains the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

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Conductor

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the movement of electricity through matter

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Malleable

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the ability to bend, able to be shaped or formed

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Metal

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a category of elements characterized by a shiny surface, the ability to be easily shaped, and high conductivity of electricity and heat.

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Alkali metals

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are metals with only one valence electron (group 1)

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Alkaline metals

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are metals with two valence electrons (group 2)

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Transition metals

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elements that have valance electrons at two different energy levels (groups 3-12)

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Non metals

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a category of elements characterized by a brittle nature, little to no luster, and poor conductivity of electricity and heat.

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Metalloid

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a category of elements that share some properties with metals and some with non metals, along the zigzag line on the periodic table of elements

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Noble gases

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a category of elements that have full valence electrons

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Specific heat

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a physical property of a substance, the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 gram of the substance to change its temperature by 1 oC

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Physical properties

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characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of matter, color, smell, freezing point, boiling point, melting point, infra-red spectrum, attraction (paramagnetic) or repulsion (diamagnetic) to magnets, opacity, viscosity and density.

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Chemical properties

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characteristics that describe how a substance behaves in chemical reactions, heat of combustion, precipitate, reactivity with water, PH, and electromotive force

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Mixture

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formed when the atoms of two or more elements combine but do not form a new substance (sugar water)

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Molecule

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made of two or more of the same element

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Compound

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formed when the atoms of two or more elements combine to form a new substance (NaCl)

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Chemical formula

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the types of elements and numbers of atoms of each element in a substance (H2CO3)

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Chemical reaction

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one or more substances change to produce one or more new substances with different chemical properties

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Endothermic

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A chemical reaction that takes in energy during reaction

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Exothermic

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a chemical reaction that released energy during reaction

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Precipitate

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a solid material that can form during a chemical reaction

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Chemical equation

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represents a chemical reaction

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Reactants

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the substance or compound that gets consumed during a chemical equation or reaction

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Products

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the substance or compound at the end of a chemical equation or reaction

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Coefficients

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The number before the substance or compound (5NaCl)

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Subscripts

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the number after the substance or compound (h2o)

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Law of Conservation of Mass

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states that no mass can be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction

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Chemical energy

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energy that is stored in chemical bonds