Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
130 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
System
|
a group of independent parts working together
|
|
|
Cells
|
the basic units of life containing organelles that perform specific functions
|
|
|
Nucleus
|
controls cell activities, contains DNA
|
|
|
Mitochondria
|
powerhouse of the cell, breaks sugars down into energy
|
|
|
Ribosome’s
|
joins together amino acids to make proteins, which are used to build and repair cells
|
|
|
Endoplasmic Reticulum
|
packages proteins, used for transportation in the cell
|
|
|
Golgi Complex
|
process and moves proteins around the cell
|
|
|
Lysosomes
|
traps and digest waste material and foreign objects
|
|
|
Vacuole
|
vacuoles store water and other materials
|
|
|
Chloroplast
|
in plants, organelles that contain the green pigments chlorophyll, which gathers energy from the sun
|
|
|
Unicellular
|
organisms are made of only one cell
|
|
|
Multicellular
|
organisms are made of many cells
|
|
|
Binary Fission
|
when an organism splits into two organisms
|
|
|
Cell Membrane
|
surrounds the cell and holds it together
|
|
|
Cell Wall
|
the stiff covering over the cell membrane in plant cells
|
|
|
Photosynthesis
|
the process by which plant cells take in carbon dioxide and water, then use the suns energy to convert it into glucose, releasing oxygen
|
|
|
Cellular respiration
|
in both plant and animal cell, is the process by which cells changes stored glucose into energy for life’s function
|
|
|
DNA
|
a long, tightly coiled molecules in the nucleus, bundled in to chromosomes
|
|
|
Mitosis
|
the process of cell division when the daughter cells have exactly the came number of chromosomes as the parent cells
|
|
|
Meiosis
|
the process of cell division when the daughter cells (egg and sperm) with half the number of chromosomes
|
|
|
Tissue
|
a group of cells working together to perform a function
|
|
|
Organ
|
a group of tissues working together to perform a function
|
|
|
Organ System
|
a group of organs working together to perform a function
|
|
|
Homeostasis
|
the maintenance of a stable internal environment within an organism
|
|
|
Equilibrium
|
a stable, balanced condition with a system
|
|
|
Feedback Mechanism
|
a process that is controlled by receptors that can stop or start an action
|
|
|
Blood Pressure
|
the force that blood exerts against the walls of blood vessels
|
|
|
Integumentary System
|
made up of skin, hair, and nails, protects the body and regulates body temperature
|
|
|
Skeletal System
|
systems made up of bones, cartilage, ligaments and tendons
|
|
|
Bone marrow
|
fill the spongy bone inside the hard, or compact bone, make blood cells
|
|
|
Joint
|
a place where two or more bones meet
|
|
|
Cartilage
|
a softer and more flexible than bone but also gives support
|
|
|
Ligaments
|
connects bones to bones
|
|
|
Tendons
|
connects bones to muscles
|
|
|
Muscular system
|
made up of three different types of muscles
|
|
|
Skeletal muscles
|
voluntary muscles that you can control them when you move
|
|
|
Smooth muscles
|
involuntary muscles in the lining of your digestive tract and blood vessels
|
|
|
Cardiac muscles
|
involuntary muscles in the heart
|
|
|
Nervous system
|
the body’s control systems and is composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
|
|
|
Neurons
|
nerve cells
|
|
|
Brain
|
is the control center of the nervous system, made up of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and medulla
|
|
|
Hormones
|
chemical messengers for regulating body function, that are secreted by endocrine glands directly into the bloodstream
|
|
|
Endocrine System
|
a system made of glands that secrete hormones to help control and coordinate activities in the body
|
|
|
Endocrine Glands
|
pituitary gland, adrenal, thyroid, pancreas, ovaries, testes
|
|
|
Lymphatic system
|
a system of vessels that move excess lymph
|
|
|
Lymph
|
a liquid that leaks out of capillaries and surrounds body tissues and cells
|
|
|
Lymph nodes
|
masses of tissue along lymph vessels that filter the lymph and destroy bacteria
|
|
|
Pathogens
|
disease causing organisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi
|
|
|
Immune system
|
the body’s system of defense against pathogens
|
|
|
Reproductive system
|
responsible for the production of offspring
|
|
|
Circulatory system
|
a system that function in transporting materials around the body
|
|
|
Heart
|
a muscle that pumps bloods through the body
|
|
|
Blood
|
a fluid that is carried by the circulatory system
|
|
|
Arteries
|
carry blood away from the heart
|
|
|
Capillaries
|
connect veins to arteries
|
|
|
Veins
|
carry blood to the heart
|
|
|
Respiratory System
|
functions to transport oxygen into the body and carbon dioxide out
|
|
|
Mechanical Digestion
|
the breaking down of food into smaller pieces by chewing and be the movements of the stomach
|
|
|
Chemical Digestion
|
the process that chemically changes food into molecules called nutrients so that it can be transported around the body
|
|
|
Digestive system
|
made organs that function in breaking food down into usable forms
|
|
|
Enzymes
|
chemicals that speed up chemical reactions
|
|
|
Excretory system
|
made of organs that function in eliminating liquid and gaseous waste from the body
|
|
|
Nutrients
|
chemical substances found in foods needed for growth, energy, and carrying out life processes
|
|
|
Reproduction
|
the processes by which living things produce offspring
|
|
|
Genes
|
section of chromosomes that carry the information for a singe trait
|
|
|
Inherited traits
|
characteristics that are received from the genes of the organisms parents
|
|
|
Heredity
|
the way in which traits are passed from parent to offspring
|
|
|
Allele
|
one of a set of genes that control a particular trait
|
|
|
Dominant
|
allele is expressed or visible in the organism
|
|
|
Recessive
|
allele is not expressed when paired with a dominant trait
|
|
|
Incomplete dominance
|
the alleles that are neither dominant nor recessive
|
|
|
Homozygous
|
two alleles for a trait are the same, purebred, TT, SS, rr
|
|
|
Heterozygous
|
two alleles for a trait are different, hybrid, Tt, Ss, Rr
|
|
|
Genotype
|
an individual’s inherited combination of alleles
|
|
|
Phenotype
|
an individual’s inherited appearance
|
|
|
Punnett Square
|
a graphic organizer used to predict the possible results of a genetic cross
|
|
|
Behavior
|
refers to the actions or reactions of an organism
|
|
|
Innate behavior
|
an inherited behavior that is influenced by genes and does not depend on learning
|
|
|
Instinct
|
an innate complex pattern of behavior, often in response to a specific stimulus
|
|
|
Tropism
|
an instinctive behavior in which an organism turns toward or away
|
|
|
Learned behavior
|
a behavior that is acquired through experience
|
|
|
Social behavior
|
a tendency among animals to live together
|
|
|
Radiant Energy
|
energy given off by the sun in the form of waves
|
|
|
Chlorophyll
|
a green material in plant cells that traps the energy in sunlight
|
|
|
Photosynthesis
|
the process by which organisms produce their own food using the sun’s radiant energy, and water and carbon dioxide from the environment
|
|
|
Producer
|
an organism that makes its own food using radiant energy from the sun
|
|
|
Consumer
|
an organism that gets its energy from eating other organisms
|
|
|
Herbivores
|
consumers that get their energy from eating only plants
|
|
|
Carnivores
|
consumers that get their energy from eating only other consumers
|
|
|
Omnivores
|
consumers that get their energy from eating both plants and other consumers
|
|
|
Decomposers
|
organism that feed on and break down dead plant or animal matter
|
|
|
Food Chain
|
a model that describes the way chemical energy passes from one organism to another
|
|
|
Primary consumer
|
eats only producers
|
|
|
Secondary Consumer
|
eats primary consumers
|
|
|
Tertiary Consumer
|
eats secondary consumers
|
|
|
Food Web
|
shows many different interactions among plants and animals
|
|
|
Energy Pyramid
|
shows how the available energy source for consumers decreases at each level of a food chain
|
|
|
Biomass
|
organic waste and matter from dead plants and animals that can be used as a source of energy
|
|
|
Composting
|
a process in which organic wastes, such as food and yard wastes, decompose naturally
|
|
|
Biome
|
a place that has the same climate, plant life, and animal life over a vast area
|
|
|
Aquatic Biome
|
exists in or near water
|
|
|
Marine
|
saltwater
|
|
|
Neritic Zone
|
consists of the water over the continental shelf
|
|
|
Coral Reef
|
form in the warm, shallow waters off continents
|
|
|
Intertidal Zone
|
the near-shore area between areas of high and low tide
|
|
|
Estuaries
|
areas where freshwater streams or rivers merge with the ocean
|
|
|
Freshwater Biomes
|
includes lakes and ponds, rivers and streams, and wetlands
|
|
|
Lakes and Ponds
|
open areas of freshwater
|
|
|
Rivers and Streams
|
bodies of flowing water moving in one direction
|
|
|
Wetlands
|
areas of shallow, standing water, such as marshes, swamps, and blogs
|
|
|
Terrestrial biome
|
a biome on land
|
|
|
Deserts
|
dry biomes with little plant life because soils are poor
|
|
|
Tropical Rainforests
|
a biome that has consistently high temperatures and a lot of rain which allows thick, tall forests to grow, along with the world’s greatest diversity of plants and animals
|
|
|
Temperate Deciduous Forests
|
forests that receive less rain than tropical rain forests
|
|
|
Taiga
|
a coniferous forest biome found at higher latitudes than temperate forests
|
|
|
Coniferous Tree
|
trees that have cones and thin, needle-shaped leaves that stay green throughout the year
|
|
|
Tundra
|
found at polar latitudes
|
|
|
Grassland
|
a biome that is fairly dry, but has fertile soil that supports grasses and flowering plants
|
|
|
Stable Ecosystem
|
maintain their balance because they have a great deal of biodiversity
|
|
|
Biodiversity
|
the variety of life in an ecosystem
|
|
|
Ecological Succession
|
a gradual or natural change in an ecosystem over hundreds or thousands of years
|
|
|
Primary Succession
|
takes place where organisms were not previously present
|
|
|
Secondary Succession
|
a process that occurs when an existing ecosystem is disturbed by events such as floods, fires, or changes in climate
|
|
|
Habitat
|
the external environment on which organisms depends for their survival
|
|
|
Limiting Factors
|
factors that can limit the growth of a population
|
|
|
Overpopulation
|
occurs when too many organisms move into an ecosystem, stressing the ecosystem’s abiotic and biotic results, as well as the quality of life
|
|
|
Symbiosis
|
a close interaction between organisms
|
|
|
Mutualism
|
a symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit
|
|
|
Commensalism
|
a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits, the other is unaffected
|
|
|
Parasitism
|
a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits, the other is harmed
|
