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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Crust (5)
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- outermost layer
- 5-1,000 km thick - solid, rocky material that floats on mantle Oceanic- mostly basalt 8km thick Continental- mostly granite 32km thick up to 70km thick beneath mountains |
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Mantle (6)
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- layer of earth between crust & core
- 2,900km thick - extremely thick layer made of molten rock - upper mantle like hot, thick tar - exhibits plasticity when molten rock bends & flows - convection currents exist |
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Core (2)
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Outer Core- liquid, mostly iron
Inner Core- dense ball of solid material |
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What is stress? (3)
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- forces that act on the earth
- cause deformation - as rocks undergo stress, it slowly changes shape & volume |
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What is deformation?
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- breaking, tilting, and folding of rock caused by stress
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What is compression? (2)
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- causes reverse fault
- squeezes rocks of crust, causing them to be pushed higher up/deeper down |
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What is tension? (2)
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- causes normal fault
- pulls on rocks causing them to stretch over a large area |
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What is shearing? (2)
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- causes strike-slip fault
- sliding of rock horizontally past each other |
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What is a fracture?
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- cracks in rock caused by stress
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What is a fault?
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- break/crack along which rocks move
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Hanging Wall
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- block of rock above fault
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Foot Wall
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- block of rock below fault
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What is a normal fault? (2)
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- caused by tension
- hanging wall moves down relative to foot wall |
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What is a reverse fault? (2)
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- caused by compression
- hanging wall moves up relative to foot wall |
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Thrust Fault (3)
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- type of reverse fault
- caused by compression - hanging wall slides over and on top of foot wall |
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What is a lateral/strike-slip fault? (2)
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- caused by shearing
- fault along which blocks move horizontally past each other |
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Fault-Block Mountain
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- mountains formed by blocks of rock uplifted by normal faults
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Rift Valley
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- landform created when the block of rock between 2 normal faults slides down
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What is an anticline?
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- upward fold in rock
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What is a fold?
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- bend in a rock caused by stress
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What is a syncline?
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- downward fold in rock
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What are the four factors that determine whether a rock will fault/fold?
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1. temperature
2. pressure 3. rock type 4. how stress is applied |
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Plateau
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- landform formed when large area of flat land is raised above sea level
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Moho
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- transitional area that lies in boundary of crust & mantle of earth
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Domes
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- landform fomed by a raised area in a spherical/circular shape
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Isostasy (3)
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- balancing of downward force of earth & upward force of mantle
- if material is added to crust, that area will float lower on mantle - if material is removed, that area will float higher on mantle |
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Lithosphere (4)
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- part of earth's surface covered by land
- outermost layer of earth - made up of crust & rigid upper portion of mantle - divided into sections called tectonic plates |
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Athenosphere (3)
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- layer of earth directly below lithosphere
- plates of lithosphere float on this layer - consists of molten material that flows slowly |
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Mesosphere
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- layer that extends from bottom of asthenosphere to core
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