Science 7-8

Front 1

wave

Back 1

a disturbance that transfers energy from place to place.

Front 2

medium

Back 2

the material thru which a wave passes

Front 3

2 main types of waves

Back 3

transverse & longitudinal

Front 4

transverse waves

Back 4

waves that move the medium at right angles to the direction in which the waves are traveling.

Front 5

longitudinal waves

Back 5

move particles parallel to the direction the wave is moving, “push-pull” waves.

Front 6

Amplitude

Back 6

a transverse wave – the height away from the “rest” position. The amplitude in a longitudinal wave is the measure of how compressed or rarefied the medium becomes.

Front 7

wavelength

Back 7

the distance between two corresponding parts of a wave.

Front 8

frequency

Back 8

the number of complete waves that pass a given point in a certain period of time.

Front 9

Frequency is measured in....

Back 9

HERTZ, one Hz is a wave that occurs once every second.

Front 10

speed formula

Back 10

meters/sec)= wavelength x frequency

Front 11

frequency formula

Back 11

(Hz = 1/sec)= speed / Wavelength

Front 12

wavelength formula

Back 12

(meters) = speed / Frequency

Front 13

greek letter for wavelength

Back 13

lamda

Front 14

refraction

Back 14

The bending of a wave due to the wave moving from one type of medium into another.

Front 15

reflection

Back 15

bounce back wave

Front 16

angle of incidence

Back 16

the angle of the wave coming into the object reflecting the wave.

Front 17

angle of reflection

Back 17

the angle bouncing off and going away from the object.

Front 18

diffraction

Back 18

Wave passing a barrier or going through a hole in a barrier bends and causes the wave to wrap around the barrier

Front 19

interference

Back 19

when two or more waves meet, they interact

Front 20

the combining of waves to cause higher amplitude of any of the original waves.

Back 20

constructive interference

Front 21

destructive interference

Back 21

when the combining of the waves produce a new wave with a smaller amplitude than the beginning waves

Front 22

standing wave

Back 22

the combining of the incoming and reflected wave so that the resultant appears to be standing still

Front 23

node

Back 23

he point where Constructive Interference and Destructive Interference cause an amplitude of zero on the standing wave.

Front 24

antinode

Back 24

the point where Constructive Interference and Destructive Interference of a standing wave are represented by the crest and the trough.

Front 25

resonance

Back 25

the point where vibrations traveling thru and object matches the natural vibrations of an object.

Front 26

seismic waves

Back 26

waves caused by the release of energy due to earthquakes

Front 27

3 main seismic waves

Back 27

P- Primary
S- Secondary
L- Surface

Front 28

P Waves

Back 28

fastest moving waves
travel thru solids and liquids
Push-Pull Waves
AKA Longitudinal waves

Front 29

S Waves

Back 29

slower than primary waves
they cannot travel thru liquid
Transverse Waves.

Front 30

L Waves

Back 30

the combination on the Earth’s surface of Primary and Secondary waves
Cause the most damage

Front 31

sound

Back 31

longitudinal waves that require a medium to travel caused by the vibrations of an object

Front 32

speed of sound

Back 32

Air is 767 mph (343 m/s) – about 1 mile every 5 sec
Water is 3,315 mph (1,482 m/s)
Steel is 13,330 mph ( 5,960m/s)

Front 33

The speed of sound depends on the

Back 33

elasticity, density and temperature of the medium.

Front 34

temp

Back 34

higher the temp the faster the speed of sound

Front 35

density

Back 35

denser the medium the slower the sound travels

Front 36

elasticity

Back 36

the ability of an object to bounce back to its original shape. Sound travels faster in more elastic objects.

Front 37

Chuck Yeager

Back 37

first man to fly faster than the speed of sound

Front 38

Andy Green

Back 38

first man to drive a land vehicle faster than the speed of sound.

Front 39

intensity

Back 39

the amount of energy the wave carries per second per meter squared

Front 40

loudness measured in

Back 40

decibels (dB)

Front 41

formula for intensity

Back 41

intensity= watts/m2

Front 42

frequency

Back 42

# of vibrations per second
20-20,000

Front 43

pitch

Back 43

dependent of frequency

Front 44

resonance

Back 44

when the frequency of sound matches the natural frequency of an object

Front 45

infrasound
ultrasound

Back 45

below 20
above 20,000

Front 46

acoustics

Back 46

control of noise and vibrations that cause noise

Front 47

compression

Back 47

area where the waves are pushed together

Front 48

compressional

Back 48

type of wave where the medium vibrates in the same direction as the meovement

Front 49

decibels

Back 49

the intensity of sound measured in these units

Front 50

doppler

Back 50

change in frequency caused by the motion of the object

Front 51

fundamental

Back 51

lowest frequency in a musical sound

Front 52

harmony

Back 52

overtones w/ whole # multiples frequencies of the fundamental

Front 53

interference

Back 53

the combonation of two or more sound waves

Front 54

loudness

Back 54

as the amplitude increases the loudness increases

Front 55

octave

Back 55

8 notes on the musical scale

Front 56

overtone

Back 56

has a higher frequency than a fundamental frequency

Front 57

pitch

Back 57

dependent on the frequency of the wave

Front 58

rarefaction

Back 58

area of a sound wave where the wave is pulled apart

Front 59

ultrasonic

Back 59

sounds too high to be heard by humans

Front 60

vamuum

Back 60

sound waves require a medium to travel & cannot travel through a vacuum

Front 61

outer ear

Back 61

pinna, external auditory meatus, auditory canal, typanic membrane

Front 62

middle ear

Back 62

malleus, incus, eutachian tube,

Front 63

inner ear

Back 63

oval window, cochlea, cillia, nerve fiber, semicircular cannals

Front 64

pinna

Back 64

(the ear flap aka auricle), used to focus the sound waves into the ear canal

Front 65

external auditory meatus

Back 65

the “hole through the temporal bone that opens the space for the ear canal, the middle & inner ears

Front 66

auditory canal

Back 66

(ear canal), focuses the sound onto the ear drum

Front 67

tympanic membrane

Back 67

(ear drum), end of the outer ear, beginning of the middle ear. Sound starts the ear drum vibrating.

Front 68

maleus

Back 68

(hammer) is touching the ear drum & vibrates first

Front 69

incus

Back 69

ancil

Front 70

stapes

Back 70

stirrup

Front 71

eustacian tube

Back 71

tube that connects the middle ear w/ the pharynx. This allows the pressure on both sides of the ear drum to equalize

Front 72

cochlea

Back 72

a long fluid filled tube, folded in half and the coiled up like a snail shell.

Front 73

Balance is achieved by the

Back 73

semicircular canals.

Front 74

attached to the cillia

Back 74

nerve fiber